思維領導

Contemporary IT project teams demand that individual members generate and implement novel ideas in response to the dynamic changes in IT and business requirements. Firms rely on multidisciplinary, geographically distributed IT project teams to gather the necessary talent, regardless of their locations, for developing novel IT artifacts. In this team context, individuals are expected to leverage dissimilar others’ expertise for creating ideas during idea generation (IG) and then implement their ideas during idea implementation (II), known as the IGII process. Although much has been done to explain individual creativity, the extant literature offers little theoretical understanding on how to address the double-edged effects of dispersions in both functional expertise (ExpDisp) and geographical locations (GeoDiss)—the two defining characteristics of multi-disciplinary, cross-locational IT project teams—on individual creativity and subsequent performance. Drawing on the IGII framework, we propose transactive memory systems (TMSs) as a plausible team-level solution to tackle the challenge. With a multi-wave multi-level dataset from 141 members and their supervisors from 35 IT project teams, we found that team-level TMS and GeoDiss interactively moderate individual-level IGII processes in multi-disciplinary geographically -distributed IT project teams during both II and IG, but in qualitatively different ways.

警方包庇有組織犯罪的情況偶有所聞，但往往很難通過實證來研究。研究利用來自中國獨特的性交易數據，證實地方警察或對一些有組織的賣淫活動提供庇護。具體而言，位於警力密度較高的社區內的桑拿浴室和按摩院，受到警方「保護」的機會較高，進而可以進行高風險、高罪責的賣淫活動。在地方警察「掃黃」期間，這種庇護效應更加明顯，意味著選擇性執法的存在。地方領導層的變化和中央政府紀律部隊巡視則會顯著減弱這種庇護效應。

電動車充電站的地點是否便利，是電動車普及的一項重要因素而電動車的普及是一項有效減少碳排放量的綠色科技。有見及此，不少地方政府都想方設法，達到電動車普及化的目標，例如直資興建額外的電動車充電站或以資助方式吸引汽車製造商興建更多電動車充電站。為此，政府需與汽車製造商協調，以確保充電站的數量達到最佳的規劃。透過研究政府、汽車製造商及消費者的互動，我們總結三方互動過程中所產生的協調問題。平衡分析得出三個主要結論：第一，在各方獨立承擔建築成本的情況下，政府及汽車製造商均應興建額外的電動車充電站。而且，只有當興建電動車充電站的目標數量及建築成本都處於高水平時，政府才應向汽車製造商就興建每個充電站提供資助。然而，若汽車製造商的建築成本取決於政府興建電動車充電站的數量，那麼政府便應委派汽車製造商興建充電站，並就興建每個興建的充電站提供資助。第二，若政府向消費者購買電動車提供額外補助，研究顯示這額外補助措施較向汽車製造商就興建每個充電站提供資助更具成本效益。第三，不論政府的目標是改善電動車普及度或消費者福利，最理想的政策的結構是一樣的。此項研究結果可供政府與汽車製造商協調興建電動車充電站時作參考，以進一步改善電動車普及度和加強消費者福利。