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Home Research Thought Leadership FT Chinese Column
Can Dynamic Pricing Be a Win-Win for Tackling Gaming Addiction?

Can Dynamic Pricing Be a Win-Win for Tackling Gaming Addiction?

3 Apr 2024
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動態定價如何在解決遊戲成癮問題中實現「雙贏」?

雷驍、田豐、常家誠:涵蓋電子遊戲、社交媒體和視頻共享平臺的數字媒體行業,去年收入估計打破5600億美元。當全球多達數千萬人沉迷電子遊戲,多國政府和組織都積極採取措施遏制趨勢。我們的研究顯示,動態定價可望解決遊戲成癮的問題。

電子遊戲正以驚人的速度成為全球娛樂產業的主流,但其伴生的“遊戲成癮”問題已成為不容忽視的社會議題。世界衛生組織(WHO)已於2018年,正式將“遊戲障礙”列為疾病【注1】。有分析推測,沉溺於電子遊戲的玩家人數已突破6000萬【注2】。成癮現象不僅影響青少年,許多成年人同樣深陷其中,生活和工作均受其害。為了應對這挑戰,社會對遊戲廠商提出了更高的社會責任要求;同時,廠商也面臨如何平衡利潤與社會責任的困境。我們的研究團隊發現,通過“個性化動態定價”這一策略,廠商可以在保證長期盈利的同時,有效緩解玩家的成癮問題【注3】。

什麼是個性化動態定價?

隨著大數據技術的發展,遊戲廠商能通過玩家行為數據,更精准地分析每位的偏好、活躍時間和消費能力,從而對不同玩家和時間段,採取個性化動態定價策略。這策略能讓廠商根據玩家的活躍度而動態的調整價格,還可以按照玩家的消費習慣,優化商店內容,使高消費玩家與低消費玩家看到不同的優惠方案。個性化動態定價不僅實現了“千人千價”的精准策略,還讓玩家感到“物有所值”,同時為廠商帶來更高的收入。

動態定價如何緩解成癮?

動態定價通常被視為廠商“割韭菜”的工具,但我們的研究發現,這種策略不僅能優化廠商收益,還能幫助玩家控制消費行為,減少成癮風險。具體而言,動態定價通過漲價抑制過度消費、降價激發興趣以及平衡隨機性來調控玩家行為。例如,當玩家成癮狀態偏高時,上調價格可以促使他重新審視消費行為;而對於活躍度較低的玩家,限時折扣則能重新吸引其參與遊戲且避免其過度沉迷。此外,動態定價還能通過價格調整,平緩遊戲中隨機性機制帶來的情緒波動,使玩家保持適度參與。新玩家通常在入坑遊戲時經歷兩個階段:

  1. 初期吸引階段:動態定價通過新人禮包或低價促銷快速吸引玩家興趣,例如以極低價格提供稀有道具。
  2. 後期抑制階段:隨著玩家增加遊戲時間,逐步提升價格以抑制消費欲望和過度沉迷。

研究表明,與固定定價相比,動態定價更能有效地控制玩家的成癮行為,既幫助廠商實現盈利,也降低玩家的長期成癮水平。

動態定價與政策干預的結合

儘管動態定價在調控玩家消費行為方面有一定積極作用,但其在減少遊戲成癮上的效果有限。因此,我們建議在動態定價的基礎上引入配套政策干預。傳統管制政策包括三種方式:

  1. 消費限制:通過強制限制玩家每天的遊戲時間或消費額度直接干預;
  2. 最低價格:為商品設置價格底線,避免廠商通過低價刺激玩家衝動消費;
  3. 消費稅:對消費行為徵稅以減少消費意願,同時為社會創造收入。

研究表明,不同類型的干預在不同情境下效果理想:對於消費行為穩定的玩家(如“按部就班的上班族”),消費限制最有效,透過直接設定“消費天花板”,限制消費總量。而對於消費波動較大的玩家(如“情緒化的年輕人”),消費稅表現更優,因其能靈活應對消費波動。模擬分析顯示,單獨採用動態定價可使廠商利潤提升3.07%至3.73%,玩家成癮水平下降1.31%;而結合政策干預後,在保證廠商利潤的同時,玩家成癮水平可降低20.65%至22.16%。

社會各方的啟示

我們的研究為廠商、玩家和政策制定者帶來了以下啟示:對於廠商而言,科學的動態定價策略不僅能夠提升長期利潤,還能有效有效緩解玩家的成癮問題,減輕社會輿論壓力;對於玩家而言,動態定價並非單純的“割韭菜”工具,它在優化遊戲體驗的同時,可能幫助玩家減少沉迷;而對於政策制定者來說,針對不同類型的遊戲,靈活引入消費限制、最低價格或消費稅等政策,可以更有效地控制成癮行為,同時兼顧廠商的盈利需求。遊戲成癮是一個複雜的社會問題,但並非無解。通過科學的定價策略與合理的政策干預,廠商可以在幫助玩家擺脫沉迷的同時,實現長期可持續發展。動態定價不僅是廠商的盈利工具,更可能成為解決遊戲成癮問題的重要手段。

注1:World Health Organization (2020), Addictive behaviours: Gaming disorder, Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/addictive-behaviours-gaming-disorder

注2:Adair, C., “Video Game Addiction Statistics 2025: How Many Addicted Gamers Are There?”, Game Quitters, Available at: https://gamequitters.com/video-game-addiction-statistics/

注3:Lei, X., Tian, F., Chang, JC., (2024) “Pricing and Addiction Control for Digital Services”, HKU Jockey Club Enterprise Sustainability Global Research Institute Paper No. 2024/015, Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4962550

本文作者為港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學助理教授雷驍、港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學助理教授田豐和港大經管學院博士生常家誠。文章基於三位最近共同撰寫的論文:“Pricing and Addiction Control for Digital Services”。

雷驍教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學助理教授

田豐教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學助理教授

常家誠
港大經管學院博士生常家誠

(本文同時于二零二五年四月三日載于《FT中文網》「明德商論」專欄)

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