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Home Research Thought Leadership FT Chinese Column
Can Dynamic Pricing Be a Win-Win for Tackling Gaming Addiction?

Can Dynamic Pricing Be a Win-Win for Tackling Gaming Addiction?

3 Apr 2024
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动态定价如何在解决游戏成瘾问题中实现“双赢”?

雷骁、田丰、常家诚:涵盖电子游戏、社交媒体和视频共享平台的数字媒体行业,去年收入估计打破5600亿美元。当全球多达数千万人沉迷电子游戏,多国政府和组织都积极采取措施遏制趋势。我们的研究显示,动态定价可望解决游戏成瘾的问题。

电子游戏正以惊人的速度成为全球娱乐产业的主流,但其伴生的“游戏成瘾”问题已成为不容忽视的社会议题。世界卫生组织(WHO)已于2018年,正式将“游戏障碍”列为疾病【注1】。有分析推测,沉溺于电子游戏的玩家人数已突破6000万【注2】。成瘾现象不仅影响青少年,许多成年人同样深陷其中,生活和工作均受其害。为了应对这挑战,社会对游戏厂商提出了更高的社会责任要求;同时,厂商也面临如何平衡利润与社会责任的困境。我们的研究团队发现,通过“个性化动态定价”这一策略,厂商可以在保证长期盈利的同时,有效缓解玩家的成瘾问题【注3】。

什么是个性化动态定价?

随着大数据技术的发展,游戏厂商能通过玩家行为数据,更精准地分析每位的偏好、活跃时间和消费能力,从而对不同玩家和时间段,采取个性化动态定价策略。这策略能让厂商根据玩家的活跃度而动态的调整价格,还可以按照玩家的消费习惯,优化商店内容,使高消费玩家与低消费玩家看到不同的优惠方案。个性化动态定价不仅实现了“千人千价”的精准策略,还让玩家感到“物有所值”,同时为厂商带来更高的收入。


动态定价如何缓解成瘾?

动态定价通常被视为厂商“割韭菜”的工具,但我们的研究发现,这种策略不仅能优化厂商收益,还能帮助玩家控制消费行为,减少成瘾风险。具体而言,动态定价通过涨价抑制过度消费、降价激发兴趣以及平衡随机性来调控玩家行为。例如,当玩家成瘾状态偏高时,上调价格可以促使他重新审视消费行为;而对于活跃度较低的玩家,限时折扣则能重新吸引其参与游戏且避免其过度沉迷。此外,动态定价还能通过价格调整,平缓游戏中随机性机制带来的情绪波动,使玩家保持适度参与。新玩家通常在入坑游戏时经历两个阶段:

  1. 初期吸引阶段:动态定价通过新人礼包或低价促销快速吸引玩家兴趣,例如以极低价格提供稀有道具。
  2. 后期抑制阶段:随着玩家增加游戏时间,逐步提升价格以抑制消费欲望和过度沉迷。

研究表明,与固定定价相比,动态定价更能有效地控制玩家的成瘾行为,既帮助厂商实现盈利,也降低玩家的长期成瘾水平。

动态定价与政策干预的结合

尽管动态定价在调控玩家消费行为方面有一定积极作用,但其在减少游戏成瘾上的效果有限。因此,我们建议在动态定价的基础上引入配套政策干预。传统管制政策包括三种方式:

  1. 消费限制:通过强制限制玩家每天的游戏时间或消费额度直接干预;
  2. 最低价格:为商品设置价格底线,避免厂商通过低价刺激玩家冲动消费;
  3. 消费税:对消费行为征税以减少消费意愿,同时为社会创造收入。

研究表明,不同类型的干预在不同情境下效果理想:对于消费行为稳定的玩家(如“按部就班的上班族”),消费限制最有效,透过直接设定“消费天花板”,限制消费总量。而对于消费波动较大的玩家(如“情绪化的年轻人”),消费税表现更优,因其能灵活应对消费波动。模拟分析显示,单独采用动态定价可使厂商利润提升3.07%至3.73%,玩家成瘾水平下降1.31%;而结合政策干预后,在保证厂商利润的同时,玩家成瘾水平可降低20.65%至22.16%。

社会各方的启示

我们的研究为厂商、玩家和政策制定者带来了以下启示:对于厂商而言,科学的动态定价策略不仅能够提升长期利润,还能有效有效缓解玩家的成瘾问题,减轻社会舆论压力;对于玩家而言,动态定价并非单纯的“割韭菜”工具,它在优化游戏体验的同时,可能帮助玩家减少沉迷;而对于政策制定者来说,针对不同类型的游戏,灵活引入消费限制、最低价格或消费税等政策,可以更有效地控制成瘾行为,同时兼顾厂商的盈利需求。游戏成瘾是一个复杂的社会问题,但并非无解。通过科学的定价策略与合理的政策干预,厂商可以在帮助玩家摆脱沉迷的同时,实现长期可持续发展。动态定价不仅是厂商的盈利工具,更可能成为解决游戏成瘾问题的重要手段。

注1:World Health Organization (2020), Addictive behaviours: Gaming disorder, Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/addictive-behaviours-gaming-disorder

注2:Adair, C., “Video Game Addiction Statistics 2025: How Many Addicted Gamers Are There?”, Game Quitters, Available at: https://gamequitters.com/video-game-addiction-statistics/

注3:Lei, X., Tian, F., Chang, JC., (2024) “Pricing and Addiction Control for Digital Services”, HKU Jockey Club Enterprise Sustainability Global Research Institute Paper No. 2024/015, Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4962550

本文作者为港大经管学院创新及资讯管理学助理教授雷骁、港大经管学院创新及资讯管理学助理教授田丰和港大经管学院博士生常家诚。文章基于三位最近共同撰写的论文:“Pricing and Addiction Control for Digital Services”。

雷骁教授
港大经管学院创新及资讯管理学助理教授

田丰教授
港大经管学院创新及资讯管理学助理教授

常家诚
港大经管学院博士生常家诚

(本文同時于二零二五年四月三日載于《FT中文網》「明德商論」專欄)

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