研究贫穷问题 推动经济发展-林家德博士

来自新加坡的发展经济学家林家德博士立志利用他的所学所得推动环球经济增长和发展,长远解决贫穷问题。充满活力且年轻的林博士在2020年8月加入港大经管学院,成为学院的经济学助理教授,开展他与本地学者积极进行知识交流的旅程。

以跨学科知识研究发展经济学

自1950年起,发展经济学家一直致力研究窒碍发展中国家往上流动的成因。当时的研究仍流于理论层面,但时至今日,发展经济学已逐渐往实证研究的方向进发。林博士说:「以我自己为例,发展经济学家经常要进行实地考察,并与不同学科的学者丶地区组织,甚至地方的政治领袖紧密合作。」林博士觉得能够亲身与当地社群互动,在前线观察及研究学术理论在现实中实践的情况,是令他不断探索发展经济学的原动力。他说:「我会形容这是一个非常生动的学科,尤其是当越来越多来自不同研究背景的经济学家也开始对发展经济学的议题感兴趣。」

在访谈中,林博士与我们分享了他跟香港大学的一段渊源:「在攻读研究生课程期间,我细阅了很多由龚启圣教授撰写的研究论文。香港大学是亚洲地区研究发展经济学和政治经济学的中心之一,且规模日益壮大,因此我相当荣幸能够加入这个大家庭。」

政治酬金越高,政治领袖的表现越理想?

林博士在2019年编写他的博士论文时,花了半年时间在印度尼西亚的西爪哇一带,为超过190条村庄的965位村民,进行了历史回溯研究。

论文旨在研究政治酬金与政治领袖表现之间的关系。林博士告诉我们,西爪哇拥有独特的历史背景,所以当地的政治领袖是由部落村长担任。他进一步解释:「这些村长并非无酬服务或以现金支薪,他们管理村落的报酬,是村落农地的耕作权。村长有义务向村民佃农。村民将会代村长收成农作物,并把部分的贩卖收益缴付村长作为政治收入。」

林博士指出:「村长们所管控的土地规模是固定不变的,所以他们的政治收入也可以说,同样是固定不变的。这与我们认识的政治人物不同。以国会议员的政治酬金为例,很多时候也是有政党领袖自行决定如何调整。」因此,西爪哇的情况正好避免了经济学中「内生变量」而引致政治酬金研究有所误差的问题。这个问题主要是由于政客经常调整政治酬金水平,而这些调整与政客的表现又有所关联,以致学者难以判断他们的政治酬金如何影响他们的工作表现。

经过深入调查,林博士发现收入越高的村长,他们的村落也普遍较为富裕,村落的开发程度也相对较高。研究证明了村长的收入,与村落的夜间照明丶儿童存活率和村民的人均教育年龄等发展指标,都有着正面的关系。林博士补充:「证据显示,这些掌控着农地耕作权的村长对村落的发展举足轻重。村落的发展进度与政治领袖的物质奖励之间存在着正面的关系,这就是鼓励村长们努力工作的原动力。」

该项研究已于世界银行博客中发表,突出了足够的政治酬金对农村发展的重要性。林博士希望这项研究能为区内的研究员和决策者提供指引,为农村基层公务员设计更好的薪酬待遇。

与香港本地学者加强交流

除醉心于研究工作外,林博士同时亦致力促进本地的学术合作和知识交流。随着本地的防疫措施逐渐放宽,林博士联同 John Klopfer 博士朴商润博士,于今年6月举办了「第一届香港实证微观经济学工作坊」,旨在为本地的经济学者提供一个平台,分享他们的研究成果。

林博士表示:「大家对这场工作坊的反应热烈,踊跃地分享自己的研究成果。这也证明香港在进行高质量经济学研究方面,在亚太区中的进展何谓一日千里。再者,能够邀请到来自本地其他大学的学者一同交流,我相信绝对能促进本地学府之间的良性竞争。我们绝对需要进行更多相关的活动,促进知识交流。」

他相信这场工作坊能够深化本地学者之间的合作关系,并集结本地的经济学智慧,为香港社会、亚太地区,甚至国际社会出谋献策,产生正面的影响。

阅读更多

指数基金发展不利于企业管治

研究显示指数基金未能有效监察旗下企业 引致投资者与公司管理层权力失衡

 

被动型指数基金 (Index Fund) 在过去三十年间渐趋普及,改变了美国以至世界各地的投资方式。指数基金在1990 年仅占所有互惠基金资产不到 1%,然而到了 2018 年,所占比率已经增长至30% 以上,价值超过 6 万亿美元,成为了不少美国公司的最大股东。

指数基金投资的兴起,带动了投资者对监管及企业管治方面的关注。港大经管学院教授(金融学)Roni Michaely及另外几位教授共同参与的一项研究发现,与主动型基金相比,指数基金监管能力较为不足,并倾向将权力授予公司管理层,因而对企业管治及公司价值产生负面影响。长远或令权力进一步从投资者转移到公司管理层上,影响投资者的利益。

是项研究由Roni Michaely教授,联同犹他大学埃克尔斯商学院 (University of Utah Eccles School of Business) 的 Davidson Heath 和 Matthew Ringgenberg ,以及迈阿密大学赫伯特商学院 (University of Miami Herbert Business School) 的 Daniele Macciocchi 完成。该论文更将刊登于知名的金融学术研究期刊「金融研究评论」(Review of Financial Studies)。

Michaely 教授表示:「股东若不满某些公司的管理,可通过投票、与管理层沟通或出售股票三种方式表达。为更有效评估和比较指数基金和主动型基金的监管行为,我们使用了由 2004 年至 2018 年美国股票互惠基金和交易所买卖基金的综合数据,为以上三项监控渠道逐一分析。」

首先在投票方面,当遇上具争议性的问题时,指数基金有 54.3% 的议案由公司管理层投票决定,相反主动型基金却只有 47.3%。而研究更发现未有证据显示,指数基金曾透过有效的方式公开或私下接触其投资组合公司。即使指数基金持有的公司股份比例更高,在年度股东大会上所提交的议案数量或类型亦不会改变,甚至顺利通过的议案数目更少。最后,就出售股票方面,研究亦观察到即使在失去股东投票权后,指数基金也不会减持股份,而主动型基金则相反,可见指数基金未有透过撤资表达对公司管理的不满。

经过多方面的研究及测试后,结果反映指数基金的监管表现较主动型基金弱。Michaely 教授阐述:「相对于逐渐被取代的主动型基金,指数基金缺乏动力投放资源于昂贵的监管之上。此外,数据亦一致显示当指数基金取代主动型基金时,企业管治并没有改善,甚至进一步恶化。因此,我们可以得出结论,指数基金投资的兴起将权力从投资者转移到公司管理人员身上。」

现时世界各地的监管机构,均致力寻求更有效监管企业管理的方法,因而是次的研究结果在政策制定方面具有重要的影响力,亦厘清了指数基金是改善企业管治的良好监察者的误解。另外,市场上亦曾有建议指,可利用更大的投票权奖励长期投资者。然而,由于指数基金亦属长期投资者,根据本次的研究结果(指数基金监管能力不足)可见,赋予指数基金更大的投票权的实际结果与预期中的效果背道而驰:公司监管更少、管理层权力更大。随着被动型投资持续增长,监管企业管理层的权力更趋重要,藉以平衡投资者与公司管理层之间的利益。

研究全文(只供英文版本):
Do Index Funds Monitor?
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3259433

阅读更多

变动社会的思想者-吴延晖博士

吴延晖博士生于广东,心系中港两地。他于2020年1月正式加入港大经管学院,任职经济学、管理及商业策略副教授。吴博士希望能以自身独到的研究方法和学术知识,为港大经管学院的蓬勃发展出一份力。

从记者到学者

大学本科毕业后,吴博士任职于内地一家知名报社当财经记者。随着时间的推移,他对研究社会议题的兴趣与日俱增。「可以观察到社会的方方面面,这是当记者最好的回报,但以新闻报导来认识社会毕竟深度有限。面对越来越多的困惑,我决定重启我的学术生涯,希望透过学术研究来认识社会,为社会问题寻找解决方案。」吴博士说。在攻读博士学位期间,吴博士地探索了一系列他认为重要的社会问题,涵括大众传媒的政治角色、企业内部的激励设计、以及信息技术和全球化对人才回报和收入不平等的影响等议题。

寻找电子时代的经济增长点

吴博士深信不疑的一点是,在破坏性创造过程中孕育的科技创新,是经济持续繁荣的原动力。他指出:「要理解破坏性创新如何推动经济发展,一个中心问题就是市场竞争如何影响破坏性创新的进程。对这个问题,经济学家在以制造业为基础的传统行业里已经找到比较清楚的答案,但对新兴的电子经济,我们却知之甚少。」

吴博士最近的一项研究重点集中在所谓的「零工经济」上。在过去十年间,市场上的「零工」,例如独立承包商丶自由工作者丶以及散工等的人数在世界许多经济体中持续攀升。他认为,这股趋势,是信息技术发展,特别是在线平台在经济活动中大行其道的结果。因此,研究市场竞争如何影响「零工」们的经济行为以及平台市场的产品创新对理解未来经济有重大意义。

吴博士研究的一大特色是以小见大:从细致的微观资料入手,层层剖析,最终寻求大问题的答案。在一篇新近的论文中,吴博士深入分析中国网络小说作家每天的写作行为,从而探讨网络平台对技术创新的作用。吴博士发现当市场竞争加剧,以版权费为酬金从而跟平台利润分成的作者,他们的作品在原创性和文章质量方面会有显著的提升;但市场竞争对以文章字数为酬金而为平台雇用的作者影响甚微。这一结果说明,激励机制的设计,关乎市场竞争能否鼓励零工经济中的创新活动。

更令人惊讶的是,平台企业往往偏心于以字数为酬金的作者,在书籍推广上给予他们极大的扶持,从而间接打压以版权为酬金的作者。当平台吸引越来越多的作者时,小说之间的竞争日益加剧,而平台的偏见也随之加深,市场上的创新动能终趋衰减。有鉴于「零工经济」是草根阶层的创新摇篮,吴博士希望他的研究能为决策者在设计市场监管机制上提供指引。

吴博士未来的研究方向将致力探讨零工经济在中国的兴起,对就业、教育、以及社会流动性的影响。他计划采取机器学习和实地试验相结合的方法来破除研究上的重重困难。

为香港经济发展出谋划策

吴博士对研究社会转型中的经济问题充满热情。处于经济转型的香港自然引发他极大的兴趣。他说:「毫无疑问,许多现有的经济学理论和实证工作对香港的经济发展有借鉴意义,但香港是独一无二的,所以我们需要探讨解决香港经济问题的新方案。」

吴博士认为,研究香港经济的当务之急应当从微观资料入手,把企业、家庭、个人的分析组织起来,最终汇总出一副清晰的香港经济图像。他说:「如果缺乏这样一副图像,我们就很难为香港的经济把脉,更难找到促进香港经济转型切实可行的方法。」

阅读更多

港大经管学院与香港总商会携手举办在线研讨会系列 就当前经济问题促进各界讨论

港大经管学院与香港总商会合办的在线研讨会首节已于 7 月13日以现场参与及在线直播两种模式进行。

踏入20周年的里程碑,港大经管学院于今年举办不同类型的活动以突破学术界限、创造知识前沿,冀为本地、亚洲以及世界带来正面影响。由今年7月开始,学院与香港总商会(HKGCC) 携手推出线上研讨会系列,旨在为香港社会当前迫在眉睫的问题出谋献策,并进一步引起社会对不同经济问题的讨论,长远提振本地经济。

首节的在线研讨会已于7月13日举行,主题为「重塑香港经济」(Reinventing Hong Kong’s Economy),更有超过250名嘉宾透过现场及在线模式参与。研讨会上,港大经管学院经济学教授邓希炜教授德意志银行首席经济学家Michael Spencer 博士探讨香港经济在疫后可行的发展方向。会议由香港总商会的经济政策委员主席苗学礼先生主持。

会上,Michael Spencer 博士首先分析了香港面临的一些主要挑战,包括人口老化问题、气候变化和全球贸易所占比例下降等等。而就未来趋势方面,他预计未来香港与中国内地之间将再无边境之分,而本地楼价亦将持续高企。对于香港的这些挑战和变化,他建议香港应加大科研方面开支,迎接新的「知识型经济」社会,投放更多资源在高端服务、先进科技以及知识产权相关的活动之上。

港大经管学院经济学教授邓希炜在研讨会上分享了他对本地经济的看法。

邓教授指:「香港自 1949 年的『超全球化』时期以来,一直以其中介角色享有经济红利。然而,它现正面临着去全球化(或称为『慢球化』(slowbalisation))的巨大挑战,而其作为中国内地开拓国外市场的中介地位亦日渐减弱。」他同时列举了本港正面对的其他挑战,包括贫富悬殊、收入与支出不平衡、过度依赖金融业、劳动力流动性低和房屋短缺等等。

他于会上就这一连串的挑战提出了一些政策建议。他提到,「第三次经济转型需要思维上的改变,以及从供应及需求方面解决人才短缺问题。再工业化的实行已经逼在眉睫,这将对改善社会不平等、增加工作流动性、为其他行业创造正面的界外效应、完善研究与制造的生态系统以及促进香港融入大湾区方面,有莫大的裨益。」

小组讨论环节中两位讲者亦探讨了不少经济领域上的热门话题,就经济脱钩、合约保证和四大支柱产业等方面分享了他们的个人见解。会议在问答环节后圆满结束,苗学礼先生以历久常新的谚语为是次的研讨会作结,并寄语香港人:「作最好的计划,做最坏的准备」。

阅读更多

Scholars Assemble! Applied Microeconomists Share Academic Insights on Their Latest Research

The 1st Joint Hong Kong Empirical Microeconomics Workshop (HKEMW) 2021 was successfully held on June 11 and June 25. The workshop attracted a total of 40 scholars and students from local universities and the Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business.

To facilitate cross-university interactions, HKU Business School joined hands with HKUST to kick start the HKEMW series. The event marks the first of its kind in Hong Kong since Covid-19 started, spearheaded by the Economic Area of HKU Business School, and chaired by Dr. Gedeon Lim, Dr. John Klopfer, and Dr. Sangyoon Park.

“The pandemic will not stop us from creating knowledge for the world. Through this workshop series, we aim to facilitate the interaction and exchange of ideas between economic scholars in Hong Kong, especially in times of coronavirus where there are few face-to-face events. This is a small step towards promoting cross-university knowledge exchange and fostering camaraderie among local scholars and I look forward to upcoming workshops hosted by our partner universities. In particular, we would like to thank colleagues at HKUST and Professor James Kung for his unwavering support. The event would not have been possible without their help.” said Dr. Lim.

Dr. Gedeon Lim, Assistant Professor at HKU Business School, presents the paper “Ethnic Segregation & Politics: Evidence from Malaysia”

A total of 15 papers from empirical micro-economists in Hong Kong covering diverse fields of economic development, political economy, economic history, media, health, productivity, labour, and matching were presented during the workshop. Insightful sharing and discussions were made among participants.

Dr. Bryant Kim, Associate Professor, HKUST presents the paper “Do Part-time Jobs Attract Less Productive Workers? Evidence from Field Experiment on Data Entry Clerks in Ethiopia”

The second session was hosted by HKUST on June 25 at LSKG012, G/F, Lee Shau Kee Business Building. The workshop will be a recurrent bi-weekly event, hosted by participating institutions, for academics in Hong Kong to exchange ideas.

 

阅读更多

Business Consulting Practicum (BCP) 2021

Through the experiential learning course, Business Consulting Practicum (BCP), students have an opportunity to work in teams to provide consulting services, and leverage business knowledge to solve specific real-life business problems for their assigned clients, under the professional guidance of teachers and mentors.

The six-week course provides students with 3 days of intensive training on consulting related skills. It allows the students to practice critical thinking, analytical skills and problem-solving skills and become more effective in working with clients, teammates and others. It also provides a free service to the organisations, mainly local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

This year, 33 students were teamed up to provide consulting services for 8 different companies. The course ended with a presentation held on July 17, 2021. In response to the impact brought by the pandemic, students were asked to provide solutions mainly on e-marketing and client acquisition. Clients and the mentors are impressed by the students’ creativity and the practicalness of the suggested solutions.

Sharing from the students:

So Ho Tin, Jacky

BCP 2021 provides me with an invaluable opportunity to be a business consultant and tackle business difficulties for my client. I can utilise the knowledge I have learned in lectures in a real-life business setting. Other than that, I developed soft skills like interpersonal skills and problem-solving skills during the 6 weeks program. Not to mention that my mentor was more than willing to provide my group with helpful advice.

Leung Shun Yan, Jamie

The most valuable thing that BCP offers is the client-facing opportunity. We face a real-life business scenario in which we need to consider the client’s budget and the marketing goals when making recommendations. We also need to keep adjusting the strategies to keep ourselves in line with the client’s expectations. During this process, we learn to communicate, negotiate and understand the difficulties of the client. This is a unique experience that we cannot have in the academic courses.

阅读更多

Three FBE students win prizes in the HKSI Institute Scholarship Programme 2021

Three undergraduate FBE students took part in the HKSI Institute Scholarship Programme 2021 and were awarded 1st Runner-up, Team Award and Finalists.

Since first introduced in 2004, the HKSI Institute Scholarship Programme has provided more than 800 university students with an avenue to advance their career development for the finance industry.

For this year, participants had to submit a 1,000-word essay on the topic “How the COVID-19 has changed the world?”. Selected finalists were teamed up to work on the research project on the topic “Identify 3 major challenges impacting Research Project Sponsor’s sector due to COVID-19, and propose measures to address them” and presentation. The awardees had been offered cash prizes, 1-year HKSI membership and HKSI Institute eCredit.

Sharing from the awardees

1st Runner-up & Team Award – LAU Pak Hei Austin, BBA(Law)&LLB

“The HKSI Scholarship Program has surely been a rewarding journey for a year 1 student like me. Through rounds of oral presentations and essay writings, I have learned how Covid-19 made an impact to the banking sector and to financial regulations. My mentor, Mr. Dicky Hung from SPD Bank provided me with career insights and guidance on my group project. The program allowed me to realize the potential of my double-degree program and kick start my career in an early stage.”

Finalist – Cheung Lok Yiu Anson, BBA(Acc&Fin) 

“It is my honour to be one of the awardees of the HKSI Institute Scholarship Programme 2021 where I have the exclusive and precious opportunity to connect, network with and learn from business leaders!  I have also gained insights in the accounting industry after conducting the research project with my teammate.”

Finalist – Ma Leo, BBA(Law)&LLB

“The HKSI Institute Scholarship is an invaluable experience that allows me to explore challenges and opportunities from companies’ perspective, as well as to learn from and connect with experienced practitioners and aspiring peers. Students from all business disciplines should not hesitate to join and explore your potential.”

Professor Anna Wong, Programme Director of Asset Management and Private Banking, and ex-Director of the Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute was at the Award Presentation and met Austin, Anson and Leo.    

“The best learning for students is learning outside of the classroom, the HKSI Scholarship Programme provides students with an excellent platform to learn and interact directly with industry practitioners.  My congratulations go to Austin, Anson and Leo.”

 

From the left: Ms Katherine Ng, Chairman, HKSI, Mr Leo Ma, Ms. Anson Cheung, Prof Anna Wong, Mr. Austin Lau, Ms Ruth Kung, Chief Executive, HKSI

阅读更多

香港大学与深圳市福田区人民政府正式签订战略合作协议

近日,香港大学与深圳市福田区人民政府正式签订合作协议,以香港大学经管学院为载体,充分发挥大学在人才培养、科研创新和全球影响力等方面的优势,打造深港两地教学融合、产研融合、人才互通等合作交流样板。此项合作势必推动粤港澳大湾区深度融合,并促进两地经济长远发展。

香港大学是世界一流的研究型大学,其经济及工商管理学院成立于2001年,由商学院及经济金融学院联合组成。香港大学经管学院秉持根植香港、融入国内、面向国际的战略定位,探索“一院两区”的模式,搭建全球领先的教学创研平台,打造国际化高端人才“蓄水池”。

福田是深圳的中心城区,是深圳的金融中心,在打造具有全球竞争力的金融科技产业高地方面已具规模,也具有产教研深度融合的优良基础,建设“分布式、嵌入式、高精尖”的新型大学前景广阔。未来,福田区将与香港大学携手共进,不断开拓全方位深层次的合作空间,合力打造金融科技新引擎,为国家乃至全球的金融科技发展贡献。

在此规划下,香港大学经管学院计划于2022年初于福田区落成港大经管深圳校区。校区将拥有超过1万平物理空间,在此,港大学生、校友及合作伙伴可以开展教学互动、研究讨论及创业交流,格物致知,携手共进。

阅读更多

港大经管学院获研资局拨款资助逾$1,600万 成功率位列商科学科小组之首

港大经管学院锐意成为亚洲首屈一指、具有全球影响力的知识研究中心。大学教育资助委员会(教资会)最近公布2项研究拨款计划,包括「优配研究金」及「杰出青年学者计划」的结果,冀嘉许及支持学者进行更多卓越研究,而港大经管学院亦于当中取得卓越佳绩。

港大经管学院于2项计划中取得总额逾$1,600万元拨款,创下历年新高,比2020/21年度的$1,440万增长达11%;总成功率亦达47%,远高于小组的平均成功率36%,为商科学科小组之首。

在「杰出青年学者计划」中,学院亦在商科学科小组的众多参与院校中脱颖而出,获得最佳表现。其75%成功率为小组之中最高,所获的资助达至$360万,相较2020/21年度有近80%的明显升幅。

学院于「优配研究金」及「杰出青年学者计划」表现理想,实有赖众多学院成员的共同努力,逐步实践我们成为世界顶尖、具有影响力的经济及工商管理学术机构的目标。港大经管学院一直致力吸引更多出色的环球学者加入,进一步巩固学院的研究实力。在过去3年间,学院邀得超过40位来自世界各地的杰出学者加盟,继续追求更卓越的学术成就,创造前沿知识,致力于未来发展再创高峰。

展望未来,港大经管学院将继续打造更多研究及知识交流的项目,与更多社会上不同的持份者携手合作,期望能以我们的专长贡献社会,为本地及全球的发展作出正面的影响。

阅读更多

Meanders through the ever-changing world: Strategising new ways for the financial sector of Hong Kong

The seminar on Financial Services Development in Hong Kong amidst an Ever-changing World co-hosted by HKU Business School and the Hong Kong Academy of Finance (AoF), was successfully held on 16 July. Over 250 students, alumni, and members of the AoF had joined us via zoom or in person.

Facing the challenges of geopolitical tensions and the rise of disruptive technologies, stakeholders of Hong Kong must unite and fathom new strategies to breakthrough. Against this backdrop, we have collaborated with the AoF, a renowned academic hub dedicated in bridging the intellectual might of academia, the industry, professional training institutes and the regulatory community. We are honoured to invite Mr. KC Kwok, CEO of AoF, and three gargantuan elites from the banking, securities, and insurance sectors, to share with us their sagacious knowledge.

Professor Yuk-fai Fong, Associate Dean (Taught Postgraduate) and Professor of Management and Strategy and Economics, kick-started the seminar with an overview of the challenges our financial sector are facing. Mr. KC Kwok then further elaborated his points with detailed statistics, pointing out that our financial sector is undaunted by the pandemic and its lion share in our GDP will only keep expanding. “As Hong Kong is working with international partners in the development of digital currency projects for cross-border payments, we will carry more clout in the global financial market. But against the backdrop of a low-interest rate, regulators and investors have to remain vigilant,” said Mr. Kwok.

The banking sector has not slacked, and local banks have been working closely with regulatory authorities on the development and promotion of fintech. Ms. Miranda Kwok, President and Executive Director, China Construction Bank (Asia), had also used her career story to demonstrate the adaptability and vigour of local banking elites. “While some criticise that our regulations are too tight for innovation, the stability of our banking sector must not be sacrificed.  We innovate in accordance to the market’s demand,” said Ms. Kwok.

Ms. Ding Chen, CEO, CSOP Asset Management Limited, told us that the problems of income inequality, climate changes, and ageing population, are imminent threats to the world. As such, investments in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) related issues will become increasingly important, so as the role of data science in these aspects. “It is easier to collect international financial transaction data in Hong Kong compared to other mainland cities, which makes it the excellent place for quantitative trading and big data development,” commented Ms. Ding. She observed that local business schools have conducted excellent research over the years, but more communication between the private sector and academia is needed to better utilise this great treasure. Mr. KC Kwok agreed, and he told us that the AoF has been advocating applied research in recent years.

As the world changes rapidly and unseen threat like COVID emerges, Mr. Jingwei Jia, CEO Greater China, Swiss Re Corporate Solutions, believed that risk assessments are increasingly difficult and Hong Kong must develop its tech capability to stay relevant. He exhorted students to be humble and innovative to leverage on the mass market of the mainland. “As geopolitical tensions worsens, more of the mainland’s emphasis has inevitably shifted inwards, Hong Kong’s position as China’s gateway will be further strengthened,” said Mr. Jia.

Our distinguished guests have shown us that fintech, ESG, and quantitative trading are the feasible paths we should take. The future may be unpredictable, but as our students are equipped with patience, perseverance, and good communication skills, we believe that they can grasp every opportunity and excel.

阅读更多