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In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
How Can Hong Kong Retailers Survive the Surge of Mainland E-commerce?

How Can Hong Kong Retailers Survive the Surge of Mainland E-commerce?

4 Jun 2025
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內地電商強攻下香港零售業如何自救

近期內地電商巨頭淘寶、京東、拼多多紛紛發力,將香港市場納入包郵區。過去港人需先通過中轉集運才能接收所訂貨品,相比之下,最新推出的一站式購物服務,自然大受歡迎。

無庸置疑,內地電商龍頭的搶灘行為必會影響本地零售業,讓早已低迷的銷情雪上加霜。這種趨勢下,本土零售業有什麼應對之道?筆者從以下3個角度建議業界如何破解困局。

 

善用數據優化零售營銷

按照一般看法,內地電商的核心競爭力在於價格低廉,筆者卻認為,此等企業在數字化方面,同樣遙遙領先香港零售業。內地零售業極其重視數據分析,往往設有龐大的數據分析部門,通過統計學、經濟學、機器學習等方法,研究如何更好地為消費者進行定價、產品推薦和提升服務。以淘寶為例,「順手買一件」功能就是基於用戶的選購商品和瀏覽內容等行為,判斷用戶還可能喜歡買哪種產品而作出推薦,力求提升其購買意欲。

除了電商之外,內地的線下零售業也在積極進行數字化轉型。筆者曾經與內地菜市場(類似香港街市)合作,通過用戶的購物數據和地理軌跡優化市場布局、產品選擇,以及對用戶展開更為個性化的促銷。這些數字化改變可以在成本不額外增加的前提下,大大提升零售效益。

反觀本港零售業在這方面卻不盡如人意。很多本地零售品牌不懂數字化,也無意採用,一直依循傳統的營銷思維看待零售業,甚至沒有收集用戶數據。即使認識到數字化的重要性,企業對數據的運用也往往淺嘗輒止。例如,一些知名品牌也投入巨資建立網購平台,可惜卻沒有分析平台積累的寶貴用戶數據。另外,一些線下零售商推行積分系統,給予用戶購物獎勵,但也沒有積極發掘交易數據的價值,這是對數字資源的巨大浪費。本地零售商若不能徹底適應數字化,擁抱數字化,就難望在智能時代保持競爭力。

 

差異化定位減輕競爭壓力

經濟學的一個基本原理,就是差異化定位可以減低競爭,讓企業獲得相對優勢。受制於高工資和租金,香港的零售業普遍成本較高,如果直接和內地電商打價格戰,根本毫無勝算。在這種情況下,本地零售商不妨考慮放棄或減少沒有競爭力的產品,而聚焦於旗下更有優勢或內地電商難以覆蓋的產品。眾所周知,香港是自由港,絕大多數產品沒有內地增值稅和消費稅,但舖租和員工成本較高,因此對大部分產品而言,並無價格優勢;相反,對少量單價高的貴重產品則仍有價格優勢,如大牌奢侈品、黃金飾品、電子產品、化妝品等。

此外,一些富本地特色的產品,如藥油藥膏、本土文創、餅乾點心等商品,也是內地無法提供的,因而具有天然競爭力。香港零售商應該多開發和選擇具有獨特競爭力的產品,與國內電商錯位競爭,以保自身競爭優勢。就拿天天吃到的大米來說,如果本地零售商銷售內地大米,肯定難以在價格方面佔優,但改為銷售泰國、日本出產的大米,而面向不同消費群組的錯位競爭,就可藉自由港的免稅優勢保證收益。

 

加強政府監管以鞏固品質信心

相信不少市民對十多年前內地奶粉大軍的情況依然記憶猶新。受2008年三鹿奶粉醜聞影響,內地人對國產奶粉品牌喪失信心,紛紛前往香港搶購奶粉,以致本地奶粉庫存告急,這也推動特區政府在2013年修改法例,限制奶粉出境。又如內地奶粉品牌晨光乳業旗下「供港一號牛奶」,通過標籤中「供港」字眼,打造符合香港質檢標準的形象。至於去年國內油罐車裝載食用油事件,甚至促使民眾專程南下,購買香港食用油。這些例子在在反映內地人對香港產品質量的信心,更顯示高標準的品質可以成為香港零售業的優勢。

不可不察的是,近年來本港屢有冒牌產品和假貨出現,蠶食市民大眾對香港產品的信心。例如,街市銷售丹麥藍罐曲奇假貨、代購平台賣假手袋時有發生,甚至出現冒牌藥物和中成藥。若這些假貨不受管制而得以流入市場,勢必影響香港的品質聲譽。此外,2024年7月亦曾引起「農夫山泉」風波:香港消費者委員會(消委會)檢測市面各款樽裝水,指出農夫山泉品質達到歐盟標準上限,卻遭農夫山泉發律師信;結果消委會將該樣本改列為獨立類別,經重新評分後整體表現由4.5星上調至5星。

上述事件無疑會消耗市民的信任,一旦香港產品的品質優勢不再,被打上低端劣質的標籤,其競爭力勢將蕩然無存。因此,特區政府務須訂立嚴謹的品質標準,並加強執法打擊假貨,維護產品的品質優勢,加上零售業配合宣傳,即可讓市民安心選購香港產品。

追上數字化時代的步伐,善用差異化策略,強化品質信心,都是可行策略。如能三管齊下,就有望維持香港零售業的持續優勢。

 

李曦教授
港大經管學院市場學教授、亞洲案例研究中心總監、數字經濟與創新研究所副總監

(本文同時於二零二五年六月四日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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