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In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
From Labubu to Chiikawa: The Sustainability of IP Economy

From Labubu to Chiikawa: The Sustainability of IP Economy

20 Aug 2025
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從Labubu到Chiikawa:IP經濟的可持續性

這邊廂是曾經供不應求的Labubu逐漸降溫,那邊廂是日系卡通新寵Chiikawa風頭無兩,大有江山代有人才出的勢頭。追趕時尚的消費者好不容易買到了心心念的Labubu,卻發現潮流的風向似乎轉到了Chiikawa。上週末,日本境外的首家海外Chiikawa拉麵店更落戶香港,在旺角正式開業,未來幾星期的預約早已額滿,可見捧場者眾。

Labubu和Chiikawa都是人氣潮玩知識產權(IP),同樣提供情緒價值,哪個能引領潮流?哪個又能持久走紅?

不僅消費者暈頭轉向,投資者也無所適從。6月19日,中國官媒《人民日報》發文呼籲加強盲卡盲盒監管;加上摩根士丹利發表中國市場策略報告,將泡泡瑪特從旗下中港股市焦點股名單中剔除,泡泡瑪特股價自6月12日高點283.4港元回落至6月20日的248.6港元,累計下跌超過12%。而6月18日下午,泡泡瑪特大規模補貨,導致二手價格急速下跌,部分Labubu產品的跌幅甚至超過50%【註1】。

像這類潮玩經濟,究竟是曇花一現,還是可以長遠發展?放眼海外,從日本卡通多啦A夢到韓國LINE FRIENDS,從任天堂的超級瑪利奧系列到漫威宇宙(Marvel Universe)的超級英雄,群雄割據的IP世界如同當代春秋戰國,絕大多數IP只能短暫流行,很快就被遺忘。

怎樣的IP才能夠跨越時空,屹立不倒?筆者去年在本欄曾分析漫威宇宙的長青不老之路【註2】,足以提供一些啟示。漫威自1939年創立,至今已有80多年歷史;名下的IP包括膾炙人口的蜘蛛俠、X-Men、變形俠醫等6000多個註冊商標。這些IP人物能風靡全球,經久不息,其中一大要素在於漫威宇宙這個超級英雄帝國多年來的不斷創新。

一新受眾耳目

儘管超級英雄電影的主旋律離不開懲奸除惡,漫威往往敢於破格,起用經驗豐富卻從未涉足這類電影的名導演和演員,給觀眾帶來新鮮感。例如電影《雷神奇俠2:黑暗世界》具有莎士比亞悲劇風格,《鐵甲奇俠2》以對白幽默見稱,《美國隊長2:寒冬戰士》則充滿緊張刺激的間諜元素,《星際異攻隊》更因大膽採用1970年代的歌曲而備受好評。

這些令人意想不到的新風格,讓漫威的IP人物鮮活靈動,緊貼時代的更替,迎合消費者喜好的轉變。

一改銷售目標

與泡泡瑪特受到官媒影響一樣,漫威公司也經歷過類似的挑戰。二次大戰期間,美國漫畫行業蓬勃興盛,包括DC和漫威在內的五大漫畫公司,主要銷售對象是小朋友。但業界在1954年卻遭美國參議院針對,被批評漫畫的內容有損兒童的身心發展,自此漫畫銷量直線下跌。

為了應對官方的指責和公眾的質疑,漫威改以大學生為目標客戶,並將旗下的超級英雄由「天生超能力」變為「普通人突然擁有超能力」,不僅實現了與競爭對手DC的差異化,更貼近高學歷消費者的現實口味。

一展營運新猷

20世紀末,當漫威的主營業務漫畫銷售每年下滑20%,玩具廠商質疑其IP的可持續發展,不願意購買相關授權,漫威的現金流面臨隨時乾涸的危機。如何能夠力挽狂瀾?

為了重建IP的影響力,漫威意識到傳統的漫畫難以滿足新一代消費者的喜好,老IP急需嶄新的傳播媒介,於是順應時勢,迅速瞄準電影這個欣欣向榮的行業,將IP授權賣給幾家大型電影公司,比如與索尼影業簽訂蜘蛛俠的授權協議,X-Men授權給二十世紀影業,而變形俠醫則授權給環球影業。

此一策略不僅擺脫了現金流困境,更以電影作為擴大其IP影響力的強大渠道,讓其瀕臨過氣的IP重振旗鼓,結果紅遍世界。

他山之石可以攻玉。當我們質疑Labubu是否風頭不再時,不妨參考老牌IP蜘蛛俠的成長歷程;當我們暗忖泡泡瑪特的成功能否複製時,可以從超級英雄電影的演變中找到答案;當我們思考今天的IP經濟能如何永續發展,可以在漫威公司的創新經驗中得到啟發。

江山代有IP出,各領風騷幾多時?IP經濟的威力充滿無限可能,我們拭目以待。

註1:https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E8%A3%9C%E8%B2%A8%E5%BC%95%E7%99%BC%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8Blabubu-%E5%83%B9%E5%B4%A9-%E6%B3%A1%E6%B3%A1%E7%91%AA%E7%89%B9%E6%97%A9%E7%9B%A4%E5%A4%A7%E8%B7%8C6-%E8%BF%91%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A9%E8%B7%8C%E9%80%BE15-041002063.html

註2:〈九龍城寨的龍捲風 漫威英雄的蜘蛛網 如何打造常青的商業IP? 〉,范亭亭,《信報》,2024年5月29日

范亭亭博士

港大經管學院市場學首席講師 

(本文同時於二零二五年八月二十日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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