logo
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
logo
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
港大經管學院
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
A Quick Reform that Eliminates Subdivided Homes in Hong Kong

A Quick Reform that Eliminates Subdivided Homes in Hong Kong

15 Feb 2024
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email
香港劏房問題之出路

近10年來,香港一直面對分間樓宇單位(俗稱「劏房」)激增的困局。窮等人家蝸居在擁擠不堪的非人居住環境,此等影像令人心痛,亦有損香港聲譽。

為此,香港特區政府已提出解決方案,可惜執行需時,並且所費不菲。簡約公屋計劃將為受困住戶建造短期單位,長久之計在於新建公共屋邨,增加資助房屋單位;期間公屋輪候時間則依然漫長。

基於房屋政策及趨勢的通盤經濟分析,筆者在本文提出兩項政策改革建議,將有助於從速縮短公屋輪候時間,並且一舉解決劏房問題。從經濟分析可見,本地劏房危機根源不在房屋供應不足,而始於公營房屋系統中定價不當。

要糾正此一弊病,只須向公屋富戶加租,並且減低居屋和租置屋業主須補地價的金額。撥亂反正之後,將可消除高收入公屋住戶本來寧享廉租而不願提升至高質私人住宅樓宇(下稱「私樓」)的心態;居於劏房的低收入家庭則可入住公屋。有關措施並不會加重政府財赤。

公屋租金須與住戶收入相稱

公屋「富戶政策」制定於1987年,旨在鼓勵公屋富戶騰出單位,以維護公屋資源的合理分配。按此政策規定,超出入息限額的租戶須繳付倍半至雙倍租金。目前,月入2萬元的非長者3人公屋住戶,每月租金約為2000元,相當於月入10%左右。若住戶收入達10萬元,則月租約為4000元,相當於月入4%左右。月入高於12.2萬元的住戶則須遷出單位。

時移世易,政策內容已不再切合低收入家庭的住屋需要;居住條件與公屋相若的私樓單位,現時月租動輒在一萬元以上。隨着私樓租金近20年來持續飆升,公屋富戶也就更不願意放棄現居單位。

正如【表1】顯示,家庭實質收入超逾2021年公屋入息限額兩倍的公屋富戶,由2006年為數18900個躍升至2021年共51580個。同期,家庭實質收入超逾2021年公屋入息限額1至2倍的公屋租戶,更由137080個增至244860個。此15年期間,公屋租戶的平均實質收入升幅達25%。

 

 

公屋租金低廉,富戶並無誘因捨棄現居單位而遷往私樓,以致貧苦家庭難望入住公屋,而被迫居於空間狹窄、租金昂貴、安全設施欠奉的劏房。從【表2】可見,家庭實質收入在2021年公屋入息限額以下的私樓租戶,由2006年為數104860個增至2021年共165620個。2011至2023年年底,公屋輪候時間則由2年延長至5.6年。

 

 

筆者建議的改革方案,將公屋租金在住戶入息中佔比提高至10%,而低收入住戶的租金則維持不變。以月入10萬元的非長者3人公屋住戶為例,月租將調高至1萬元,接近市值租金,亦即不再受政府大幅資助而低至4000元。

這有助於促使公屋富戶交還單位,流入私人住宅市場,而讓公屋輪候名冊的申請家庭得以上樓。不僅公屋輪候時間會因而縮短,劏房需求亦將隨之減低,低收入私樓租戶所支付的租金同樣會下跌。如此低成本兼具效益的措施,足可立竿見影,為本港社會的弱勢社群紓困解難。

在協助現居租戶適應加租措施方面,當局可考慮發放現金補貼,通過遞減形式為期數年。若住戶改為決定遷出,其所享福利亦不致大為減損。

至於公屋富戶,則不必提供現金賠償。這類住戶對於是否留在現居細小但廉租的公屋單位,抑或遷往環境較佳、租金較高的私人住宅居所,本來並無所謂。加租只會誘使他們放棄公屋單位,卻不會招致損失,所以毋須給予賠償。

鼓勵公屋富戶在房屋階梯拾級而上,難免引致中級私人住宅的租金和樓價向上,反過來又會削弱現居公屋租戶的遷出誘因。可幸的是,通過筆者下列第二部分的建議措施,有關問題就可加以抵消,令私樓樓價維持穩定。

即使將現金補貼計算在內,調整公屋租金亦不會對政府造成重大財政壓力。公屋富戶流失,來自其單位租金的政府收入勢將減少,皆因新租戶收入較低,所付租金亦相應較低。另一方面,留下的租戶所付租金則會增加。此消彼長之下,預期當局的淨收入降幅有限,甚至有所增加。

下調居屋與租置計劃補價

無論如何,以此方式收回公屋單位,必定較新建公屋進度快而成本低。新建公屋不但單位成本高達約100萬元,而且耗時經年。本文倡議的改革可立即上馬之餘,亦可隨政府適度分階段實行;其中涉及的成本有限,更可透過筆者以下建議措施輕易抵消。

「居者有其屋」(居屋)計劃資助中等收入家庭自置居所,購買計劃下的新建房屋單位。「租者置其屋」(租置)計劃則可讓部分公屋租戶以大幅折讓價購買現居單位。兩項計劃都旨在促進住戶在房屋階梯向上流動。

然而,居屋業主必須補地價35%至50%,才可將其單位放租或出售。由於補價金額不菲,總數達351000個居屋單位之中,僅有22%已完成補價。

同樣,租置計劃單位亦須先繳付補價,然後才可租售,補價率更高達82%至86%。根據香港屋網(28Hse.com),一個租置計劃單位市價約為200萬元,亦即業主完成補地價程序,在公開市場售出單位後,僅得大約30萬元。收益如此之低,難怪總數達152000的已售租置單位中,已繳付補價者不足2%。

補價金額偏高令劏房危機加劇。假使租置計劃及居屋計劃業主收入有所增加,高補價率卻有礙其將單位轉售或出租,因而不願換購較高質單位,造成可供低收入家庭租住的小型單位供應不足,而低檔住宅市場供求失衡的困境不斷惡化。筆者在此提出第二部分建議:將資助自置居所計劃規定的補價減半。

此一變革將帶來多方好處。首先,這將便於業主將單位轉讓或出租。即使業主無意出售,物業亦較易用作投資或創業活動的抵押品。

 

 

第二,在收入較高住戶願意換購較高質單位的情況下,市面上的低檔住宅供應將隨之增加,樓價就會面臨下行壓力。至於中型住宅如居屋單位,樓價下行壓力將抵消上述第一部分建議中,公屋租金調整所致的樓價上行壓力,樓價穩定性因而得以維持。由於缺乏樓價上行壓力加以抵消,與公屋相若的小型住宅樓價與租金無疑將隨之下跌,此亦有助於特區政府實現為低收入市民提供可負擔房屋的目標。

第三,隨着較高收入住戶換購較高質房屋,有關變革將在高檔物業市場產生樓價上行壓力,可抵消利率飆升而形成的樓價下行壓力。特區政府因而較能在高檔物業市場達致樓價的穩定性。

第四,變革將為政府庫房帶來進賬。政府雖對繳付補價有所規定,但現時從中所得極微。若降低補地價比率,反能令有意補價的業主增多,而惠及政府收入。

至於補價折扣率如何釐定,則可基於政府進賬多多益善為原則。舉例來說,假使將居屋補價率由35%至50%降至20%之後,而補價居屋單位佔整體居屋數量的比例隨之增加20%;根據香港屋網,一般居屋單位售價約為400萬元,按此計算,政府庫房可獲560億元額外進賬,藉此可新建5.6萬個公屋單位,甚至輕易抵消公屋租金調整的財政成本,而公共財政盈餘仍甚為可觀。

最後,在當前市道低迷情況下,通過激活樓宇買賣交易,亦能為地產從業員注入強心針。總括而言,上述變革建議可謂有百利而無一害。

宏觀政策影響

本文倡議當局調整公屋租金與資助置業計劃的補價率,從而鼓勵高收入公營房屋住戶換購較高質私人住宅,將有利於低收入家庭脫離現居劏房的困境。有關變革既能提升低檔樓市的可負擔程度,亦能抵消高檔樓市因利率攀升與宏觀經濟環境不利而面對的樓價下行壓力,況且亦不會加重政府財赤。

港澳辦主任夏寶龍曾指出,2049年前香港要告別劏房;若推行筆者提出的變革措施,就能遠在此期限之前解決相關問題。房屋階梯運作得以改善,無疑有助挽留人才,振興經濟增長,並減輕政治怨氣。

鑑於上述變革險小利大,特區政府宜認真考慮予以落實。當局若能提供相關行政數據,學界研究人員可據之計算其中涉及的效益和成本。

 

 

王柏林教授
港大經管學院經濟學、管理及商業策略助理教授

(本文同時於二零二四年二月十五日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

China could boost demand and ease deflation with cash payments, analysts say14 Feb 2024
China Revives Socialist Ideas to Fix Its Real-Estate Crisis19 Feb 2024
Trending
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Prof. Joseph CHAN
Hong Kong has long been successful in its four pillar industries, comprising trading and logistics, financial services, professional and producer services and tourism. According to the research by the HK government, they contributed close to 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and almost half of the total employment before COVID. However, all these four pillars have encountered the decline in their respective area – resulting from the rapid change in market need & user behavior, regional and global competition, the development in new value-chain and advanced technology, as well as geo-political environment. As a solution, ‘innovation’ has been introduced to address these pain-points of Hong Kong. The question to ask, how should we develop the innovation strategies – instead of coming up ideas for the sake of ‘innovation’? In this article, we will discuss how innovation strategy could be approached from the perspective of poverty alleviation to Web3 industry development – two topics sound not-related, but their common ground might give us the insight on how we could find the development path of Hong Kong.
14 May 2025
Faculty
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Dr. Maurice K.S. TSE
關稅豪賭  只有輸家 國際貨幣基金組織在上月發表的《世界經濟展望》,將全球經濟增長預測從今年 1 月的 3.3% 顯著調低至 2.8%。報告指出,中國和印度將成為推動全球經濟增長的主要動力,預計未來5年貢獻比例分別為 23%和超過15%;而美國因其關稅政策的不確定性,對全球經濟的貢獻率遭下調至 11.3%。
7 May 2025
Faculty
Michael B. WONG
About Author
Prof. Michael B. WONG

Assistant Professor

Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement