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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column

Who is going to be helpless and suffered severely?

28 Aug 2019
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誰焦頭爛額? 誰束手無策?

許多時候,主觀感覺與客觀情況出入很大。舉例說,當我們遇到失敗挫折,有時會視而不見,反而認為自己成功在握。最近看到一段討論關於反修例運動的視頻,兩個嘉賓都反對設大台,但是引起筆者注意的,卻是他們對運動成果的總結。他們多次提到中共現已「焦頭爛額 」,對他們已「束手無策 」等等。筆者認為這與事實有頗大的落差。

誰吃了大虧

認為中央政府在這事件上焦頭爛額,那並不符合事實。筆者覺得焦頭爛額的,反而其實是香港人自己。這篇文章執筆之時,已經有800多人因為近期的衝突而被捕,並有一定數目的示威者嚴重受傷,多名示威者亦因經常吸入催淚氣體,構成長遠的健康風險;一些大企業也相繼辭退曾經參與非法集會和發表過激言論的僱員。超過30個國家對香港發出旅遊警示,以致遊客減少,消費行業萎縮和裁員,可說是意料中事。

單單是被捕800多人,已佔香港人口的萬分之一,同一比率在中國內地相當於10多萬人;試問內地有沒有10多萬人(武警、軍人等等)因為反對香港的反修例運動而受到嚴重打擊呢?而那些對香港發出旅遊警示的國家,可有同樣向中國內地發出旅遊警示呢?誰焦頭爛額不就是清楚不過嗎?

就算中央對反修例運動無計可施(筆者並不同意這個說法),我們也不應該沾沾自喜。對於社會現狀真正無可奈何的,其實是香港的普羅大眾,他們既不能迫使林鄭政府接受運動的訴求,又不能阻止激進示威者各種擾亂社會秩序的行動。

誰無計可施

激進示威者固然是香港的持份者,但是那些在最大型遊行才出現、為數更多的市民,同樣是香港的持份者,他們會贊成示威者去機場阻止旅客登機嗎?他們會贊成對可疑人物禁錮、濫行私刑嗎?會否贊成暴力攻入立法會大樓?又會否贊成破壞國徽及圍堵中聯辦、警局?

回顧這幾個月的社會運動,能得到國際的廣泛注意和同情,筆者認為有三點原因:參與人數眾多,而且和平、持久。示威者有沒有被警察打,這並不是重點,因為反政府示威者被警察打,世界各地都有,但是連番出現參與者佔總人口六分之一的和平抗議活動,卻真是史無前例。

顯而易見,示威者的激烈行動並無提高香港民主運動的國際聲望,更會有負面影響,而且正在慢慢浮現,只待時間的發酵。這些激烈行動的確可以產生一些和平示威所不能達到的效果,就是迫使對手犯錯,進一步暴露其「邪惡」一面,使民眾變得情緒化,更包容示威者的暴力行為。然而這能否逼使林鄭最終讓步,筆者不得而知;縱使政府真的就範,這種通過提升暴力,散播仇恨的處事方式,必定後患無窮。今天的因,會造成明天的果。

筆者留意到同情示威活動的評論,鮮有論及以下關鍵問題:如果特首一直沒有提供滿意答覆,示威者的暴力是否要不斷加強?市民對這種暴力的容忍度,是否也要相應提高?極限何在?是否要等到有五千人被捕才罷手?抑或失業率高至10%才停止?這是所有香港人的問題。香港人不願意命運受林鄭擺佈,難道就要接受激進示威者擺佈嗎?

暴力弄巧反拙

抽離一點看局勢:今日的五大訴求早在6月底就已經提出來,當時要釋放的被捕者只有6月12日示威衝突中二、三十人,但是今天被捕的已有800多人。換言之,我們為了拯救這數十人,卻多「犧牲」約800個被捕者,甚至更多傷者,還要引來30多個國家的旅遊警示⋯⋯除非為搞事而搞事,否則不得不承認,這兩個月的行動是失敗的,更遠離了原本的目標。相反,若能在過去兩個月堅定維持「和理非」,傷害就一定少得多。

數年前,筆者一次在校內學生餐廳吃下午茶時,注意到鄰座坐着一個中年男子和一個稍為年長用拐杖的男子,氣氛異常沈重。原來他們是一對兄弟,哥哥說:「你回來香港,為什麼不找姐姐和我呢?我們都很掛念你呢。」弟弟憤然說:「我都不想見你們了,我年輕的時候誤入歧途,你們那時放縱我,從沒有提點過我;我真後悔走了太多冤枉路。」

這番話讓我思考良久,還寫了篇短文與家人分享。這男子是對的。當一個人犯錯或者有犯錯的想法的時候,他的親友師長是應該加以明確指出,特別是這種想法會危害他的人身安全和終生前途,絕不應跟對方說:「你既是成人,行為應已經過深思熟慮,就跟着自己的想法去做吧」,又或礙於對方的玻璃心而默不作聲。

這裏不妨假設如下情景。30年後同一個學生餐廳,一個衣衫襤褸的中年男子與他衣冠楚楚的哥哥相聚。哥哥問弟弟為甚麼10多年都沒有聯絡,弟弟憤然說: 「我不想見到你們,在2019年的反修例事件中,你是『和理非』,愛在示威衝突最後一排叫口號;我是勇武派,不顧安危,但你不但沒有阻止我,還對我的勇武行動讚賞有加。我更自恃是學界武術比賽冠軍,對抗尤其激烈,結果被判較長刑期;捱了整整八年鐵窗生涯,還盲了一隻眼睛。你卻能置身事外,後來更成為城中名人⋯⋯」

示威真正出路

激進示威者是時候收手了。在「凡敵人反對的,我就贊成;凡敵人贊成的,我就反對」這種叛逆心理驅使下,官員和警方對他們的警告,對他們是不中聽的。因此,最有可能令他們臨崖勒馬的,就只有那些他們比較信任的人,而泛民陣營中的立法會議員及元老,作為反對派的社會領袖,更屬責無旁貸。

要處理當下的危機,最簡單的就是特首作出較大的讓步,如宣布撤回修例,把元朗某個指揮官調職(例如守水塘)。這樣一來,相信大部份不滿的群眾都會收貨。與此同時,我們在態度和立場上要保持堅定,行動上必須克制而成熟。對於特區政府和中央政府這樣的對手(是對手,不是敵人),暴力是港人的弱點,不是強項;激進示威者將暴力升級,既是自暴其短,又是倒持干戈,授人以柄的下下之策。

既然大家都很珍惜連儂牆,竭盡全力保護它,何不靜心細聽約翰連儂以下給示威者的建議?

「真要動起手來,你就等於也來玩建制的把戲。到時建制派就會激怒你——捋你的鬚、彈你的臉——總之千方百計使你動粗!因為一旦能令你採用暴力,他們就有辦法收拾你。唯有非暴力和幽默感,才能夠令他們束手無策。」

(”When it gets down to having to use violence, then you are playing the system’s game. The establishment will irritate you – pull your beard, flick your face – to make you fight. Because once they’ve got you violent, then they know how to handle you. The only thing they don’t know how to handle is non-violence and humor.”-John Lennon.)

趙耀華 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副教授

(本文同時於二零一九年八月廿八日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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