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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Beyond Efficiency: Toward Human-Centred Generative AI

Beyond Efficiency: Toward Human-Centred Generative AI

18 Mar 2026
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效率以外:生成式AI為何應以人為本

近幾年來,生成式人工智能(AI)的發展幾乎可以用「來勢洶洶」來形容。從寫作、設計、程式開發,到客服、行銷、金融分析與醫療輔助,愈來愈多企業在至少一個業務環節導入生成式AI。個人與企業也開始使用這些工具進行創意設計、圖像處理、內容生成等以往高度依賴人類專業能力的任務。

發展AI以人類福祉為首

當科技滲透速度如此之快,我們必須問一個更根本的問題:我們希望AI把人帶向哪裡?如果只是追求效率與成本優化,那麼它終究只是工具;但如果它能夠促進人類的能力成長、提升組織韌性,並且維護人類的價值與尊嚴,那它才真正成為一種文明進步的力量。這正是以人為本的AI所關注的核心。

所謂「以人為本」,並不是反對自動化,也不是否定科技創新,而是強調AI的設計、部署與管治,應當以人的發展為中心。為什麼這個概念如此重要?因為生成式AI正在重塑知識工作的本質。過去,自動化主要取代的是重複性與常規性任務;如今,生成式AI開始進入創意設計、策略分析與決策支持等非常規任務領域。

企業生產力顯著提升,但同時也出現新的隱憂:員工會否因過度依賴AI而出現去技能化(de-skilling)?組織會否逐漸失去自身的知識資產?人類會否在與AI協作中受到被取代的威脅?當AI開始觸及認知與創意領域,對人類的影響已不單是效率一環,而是能力結構與價值感的問題。

港大經管學院數字經濟與創新研究所(IDEI)及其人機智能(HAI)實驗室,提出一個清晰的管治視角——在AI推動組織創新的過程中,若要真正「以人為本」,就不能只看財務回報與科技成熟度,而更應關注四大要點:績效、學習、創造力、尊嚴。

績效提升有賴標註功能

IDEI-HAI的研究顯示,在某些銷售場景中,即使尚未整合頂尖最佳實踐的生成式AI售前系統,也能提升整體績效。值得注意的是,這種提升主要來自中低績效員工的表現獲改善。

對高績效員工而言,早期版本的AI反而可能產生壓制效果,因為系統輸出的標準化建議限制了其原本的專業判斷與創新發揮。當系統升級並加入標註功能後,高績效員工得以在AI基礎上進一步優化建議,整體績效才得以全面提升。從這個發現可見,AI的設計細節決定誰受益、誰被削弱。如果缺乏審慎管治,AI可能拉闊差距,而非縮小差距。

人類學習能力會否遭削弱

人類認知可分為兩種模式。系統一:直覺、快速、自動化; 系統二:分析、深思、需要投入認知資源。生成式AI傾向強化系統一的快速反應模式,使任務變得更輕鬆。然而,若長期依賴這種自動化輔助,人類可能減少深度思考,導致能力退化。這種去技能化效應可能帶來兩個風險,除了員工在勞動市場中更容易被替代, 組織亦逐漸喪失自身的知識積累,形成組織遺忘(organizational forgetting)。

HAI實驗室提出的解方並非拒絕AI,而是優化設計,例如透過「刻意反思」提示,引導使用者思考機器的推理邏輯;在任務完成後進行事後反思,總結人機協作經驗;採用「人在環中」(human-in-the-loop)模式,確保人類判斷力持續參與。

事實上,AI若設計得當,不僅不會削弱學習,反而有助知識保留。

人機協作增強創造力

IDEI 在藝術與創意產業的研究中發現,數字藝術家使用生成式AI,能夠提升其原創作品的市場價值,包括提升審美品質、強化漸進式創新、增強內容創作能力、建立社群聲譽。然而,這種提升往往屬於漸進式創新,不一定帶來顛覆性突破。

在團隊層面,生成式AI透過兩種機制提升創造力,一、焦點編織(focus weaving),穩定並深化既有構想;二、差距識別(gap spotting),發現盲點並延展思路。

尤其在處理非結構化資料時,這種效果更加顯著。因此,AI並不是創造力的對手,而是重新組織創造過程的力量。

人類尊嚴會否受損

這大概是最深層的問題。當自動化取代常規勞動,個體可能失去透過工作獲得的價值感與目標感,也就是獲得性尊嚴。在人機協作中,若AI主導創意過程,人可能質疑自身是否仍具獨特價值。

研究顯示,AI帶來的偶然靈感能提升構思表現,從而增強尊嚴感;反之,若AI導致認知固化,讓人產生可以被取代的感覺,則尊嚴感會下降。換句話說,尊嚴並不取決於是否使用AI,而在於人是否仍然感受到主體性與貢獻感。

從企業案例看管治實踐

在某全球領先的黃金開採企業案例中,企業導入無人化運輸系統、數字孿生與AI預測性維護,同時將數字戰略與核心價值觀——安全、可持續、誠信、包容、責任——緊密結合。更重要的是,他們提供技能再培訓與崗位重置,減少員工抗拒,強調以人為本的AI。最終不僅提升生產率,也延長礦場壽命並降低碳排放。

另一大型礦業公司則透過資本配置框架避免為科技而科技,建立AI中心,加強變革管理與「人在環中」機制,實現真正的人機協同。這些案例說明,成功的AI轉型,不只是科技升級,而是組織能力與價值觀的升級。

在科技浪潮中守住人類核心

生成式AI已成為不可逆轉的趨勢。問題不在於要不要使用AI,而在於如何設計與管治AI。「以人為本」並非口號,而是一套涵蓋上述四大要點的具體框架。在績效方面,關乎「我們做得更好了嗎」;在學習方面,繫於「我們變得更強了嗎」;在創造力方面,聚焦「我們想得更遠了嗎」;在尊嚴方面,則應對「我們仍然是主體嗎」。

隨着生成式AI深入組織與社會結構,我們必須捫心自問:在通過AI變強的同時,是否仍然是有自主性、安全感、有意義、可持續的個人與組織?這不僅是企業管理的課題,更是全球在數字時代必須共同面對的文明選擇。

方鈺麟教授
港大經管學院數字經濟與創新研究所所長、創新及資訊管理學教授

(本文同時於二零二六年三月十八日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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