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FT Chinese Column

Home Research Thought Leadership FT Chinese Column
HKD stablecoins boost mainland China’s cross-border finance

HKD stablecoins boost mainland China’s cross-border finance

30 Apr 2026
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港元穩定幣助力內地跨境金融發展

2026年4月,香港金管局向滙豐銀行和碇點金融發出穩定幣牌照,港元穩定幣發行破冰在即。 這是穩定幣作為鏈上金融基礎設施在香港正式啟航的重要標誌。 「十五五」規劃綱要明確提出鞏固提升香港國際金融、貿易中心地位,強化國際資產與財富管理中心功能。 港元穩定幣將有望從跨境支付與結算、數位資產發行與交易等多角度,驅動「引進來」、「走出去」,為跨境金融服務提供有力的支援與保障。

香港作為全球重要的轉口貿易樞紐,居全球商品貿易經濟體第五位,高效連接中國內地與海外市場。 與內地貿易額占香港進出口總值的一半,香港亦成為內地企業「出海」的戰略平臺。 大量內地企業出於貿易、融資等需求落戶香港,設立財資中心,與海外進行交易、支付和結算。 根據SWIFT的最新數據,港元在跨境支付中的比例為1.87%,在全球貨幣中排名第七。 作為穩定幣最重要的應用場景之一,其在跨境支付領域的發展有望顯著降低外貿企業交易成本、提升支付與結算效率。 此外,在轉口貿易中,內地與香港之間的跨境支付主要通過CIPS系統以人民幣進行。 香港與海外主體間支付效率的提升將促進轉口貿易,間接推動人民幣國際化。

香港在建設數字資產中心方面的實踐也領先全球。 早在2023年,香港政府就已發行全球首個代幣化政府綠色債券,通過區塊鏈相關技術將發行的結算週期從T+5縮短到T+1。 截至2026年3月,全球現實世界代幣化資產(RWA)總規模約為300億美元。 香港代幣化資產總量則已接近300億港元。 近日,香港證監會通函允許建立代幣化產品的二級市場,政策進一步明朗。 二級市場交易與流通將顯著提高代幣化資產流動性,大幅提升其對投資者的吸引力。 鏈上原生投資者也有望通過港元穩定幣直接參與到代幣化資產投資中,拓展投資者群體,實現傳統金融與Web3生態的合規銜接。 當下,境內主體在境外開展RWA相關業務受到嚴格監管。 現行監管框架要求依法穩慎,有效防範風險。 在這一背景下,港元穩定幣作為政府推動、銀行主導的數位金融體系中的核心基礎設施,可扮演鏈上資產合規交易媒介與穩定計價單位的雙重角色,以滿足境內融資主體對安全、合規、低融資成本的多重需求。

合規港元穩定幣的發行與我國有限開放的資本專案並無衝突。 通過非合規穩定幣場外交易跨境轉移資金,在全球發展中國家時有發生。 「在岸人民幣——非合規美元穩定幣——美元」的資本逃逸鏈條常伴隨「美元溢價」:人民幣兌美元的「影子匯率」在近兩年長期高於官方匯率,有時高達5%。 2025年11月底,中國人民銀行召開打擊虛擬貨幣交易炒作工作協調機制會議,「美元溢價」開始顯著走低甚至變負,彰顯了加強監管對資金外流的抑製作用。與此同時,香港金管局的監管指引要求對穩定幣持有人進行嚴格身份驗證,大大降低了其作為資本逃逸工具的可行性。 香港穩定幣發行、流通階段相應的監管政策,將與內地外匯管理政策形成互補,最大限度降低對資本專案管理的衝擊,維護金融穩定。

方翔教授
港大經管學院金融學助理教授

劉洋教授
港大經管學院金融學副教授

周皓南教授
港大經管學院金融學助理教授

(本文同時於二零二六年四月三十日載於《FT中文網》明德商論專欄)

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