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In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
More AI, Less Diversity

More AI, Less Diversity

20 Aug 2026
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AI愈普及 差異愈稀缺

人們談論AI,往往先想到其對效率與品質的提升。但隨着 AI 深入寫作、研究、設計和企業決策,一個潛藏的問題浮出水面:如果大家都依賴相似的 AI,我們會不會也因此變得更像?

研究數據證實了這種擔憂。《Science Advances》的一項短篇故事創作實驗顯示,生成式 AI 顯著提升了作品的平均創意與質量,尤其讓原本較弱的創作者受益;但同時,不同參與者寫出的故事也變得更加相似[1]。這意味着 AI 提高了個體表現,卻可能削弱群體產出的多樣性。

企業中也有類似現象。哈佛商學院等機構與寶潔合作,讓研發和商業人員解決真實的新產品開發問題。沒有 AI 時,研發人員更重技術,商業人員更重市場;使用 AI 後,雙方方案都變得更全面,但專業差異也被拉近了[2]。對企業內部而言,這能打破部門壁壘;但放到市場層面,當不同公司都依賴相似的模型,思考模式也可能日益趨同。

這種趨同會改變「優秀」本身的價值。《Management Science》的另一項研究發現,AI 能改善求職材料和創業融資文本,卻也降低了文本區分真實能力的作用[3]。過去,寫得好本身就是一種信號;當 AI 讓更多人輕易達到高水準,「寫得好」就不再稀缺。AI 提高了平均線,也削弱了能力的辨識度。

這與學術研究中的「算法單一化」(algorithmic monoculture)問題相似。當大量機構依賴相似算法,個體理性的算法選擇也可能導致市場同質化,增加系統性風險[4]。不過,同質化不是終點。當競爭者都能得到相似的高品質答案時,「不同」本身會產生價值;少見但正確的答案,反而可能比標準答案更有競爭力[5]。

Wang、Hu、Cheng 和 Tong 近期關於算法個性化市場的研究進一步展示了這種力量。他們發現,當多數企業利用算法追逐主流用戶時,競爭壓力會迫使較弱的競爭者轉向被忽視的少數群體。隨着有效競爭者增加,市場會湧現更多差異化服務,少數群體也尤其可能因此受益[6]。雖然這項研究並非直接針對生成式 AI,但其背後的經濟學機制完全適用:當通用能力被拉平,市場競爭會將價值推向那些尚未被覆蓋的空白地帶。

因此,AI一方面將人和企業推向更高、更相似的平均水平,另一方面又可能使差異變得珍貴。在寫作、分析和商業表達逐漸商品化的背景下,「會使用 AI」本身很難長久成為競爭優勢。真正關鍵的是那些難以被複製的資源:獨特數據、深厚經驗、客戶關係、組織文化,以及不同於AI標準答案的問題與判斷。

當 AI 能輕易把普通答案提升到八十分,八十分就不再稀缺。AI 讓更多人變強,但也正因如此,如何保持不同,將成為一種新競爭力。當平均水平越來越高,差異本身也就越來越有價值。

參考文獻

[1] Doshi, A. R., & Hauser, O. P. (2024). Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content. Science Advances, 10(28), eadn5290.

[2] Dell’Acqua, F., et al. (2026). The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI and Teamwork. Organization Science, 37(4), 1217–1242.

[3] Cowgill, B., Hernández-Lagos, P., & Wright, N. L. (2026). Does AI Cheapen Talk? Theory and Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship and Hiring. Management Science.

[4] Kleinberg, J., & Raghavan, M. (2021). Algorithmic monoculture and social welfare. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(22), e2018340118.

[5] Raghavan, M. (2024). Competition and Diversity in Generative AI. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.08610.

[6] Wang, J., Hu, X., Cheng, C., & Tong, X. Monoculture and Social Welfare of the Algorithmic Personalization Market under Competition. Manuscript.

童欣教授
港大經管學院創新與資訊管理教授及港大經管學院經濟學教授

趙晨教授
港大經管學院經濟學副教授

雷世騏先生
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學博士生

(本文同時於二零二六年八月二十日載於《經濟一週》明德者言專欄)

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