logo
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
logo
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
港大經管學院
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media

Love me, love my dog, and One Belt One Road

17 Jan 2018
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email
愛屋及烏與一帶一路

愛屋及烏與「一帶一路」似乎沒有任何關係,前者是古代的成語,後者是近幾年的新名詞,但我今天就講講兩者的聯繫。

愛屋及烏源於《尚書大傳.大戰》中「愛人者,兼其屋上之烏」的典故,說的是因為愛一個人而連帶愛他(她)屋上的烏鴉,後來用作比喻喜歡一個人而連帶地喜歡與他(她)有關的人或物。

中國描繪的全球化藍圖

我與一些合作者最近研究兩個國家的人相互之間的態度(attitude)如何影響兩國的貿易和投資。這項研究基於兩個主要的資料來源,第一個是PEW研究中心的全球態度調查。PEW每年在全球幾十個國家進行抽樣訪問調查,調查問卷包括很多內容,其中一項是問你對其他國家的態度,比如,在日本問日本人對中國的態度時,受訪者可以在下面5個選項中選一項:一、非常喜歡(very favorable);二、一般喜歡(somewhat favorable);三、一般不喜歡(somewhat unfavorable);四、非常不喜歡(very unfavorable);五、拒絕回答。

根據每個選項人數的百分比,我們經量化後可以得到衡量日本人每一年對中國喜好程度(態度)的數值。比如,我們發現2011年喜歡或非常喜歡中國的日本人佔34%,但在2017年只有13%;在2015年,喜歡或非常喜歡中國的印度、印尼、馬來西亞、巴基斯坦、菲律賓和越南人分別佔41%、63%、78%、82%、54%和19%。

第二個資料來源是聯合國商品貿易統計資料庫(United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database),這資料包括任何一年、任何一國對另外一國的進口和出口總金額。

我們的研究方法是基於傳統的引力模型(gravity model)。這一應用廣泛的模型,可以用來檢驗什麼因素影響和決定一個國家的進出口量。我們發現如果A國對B國的喜歡程度愈高,A國對B國的出口、進口和投資都會增加。

我喜歡你的人,也喜歡你的產品,這就是愛屋及烏。比如,有些人買iPhone,有些人買三星手機,是因為這些手機的性能、外觀及其他方面有所不同,但有些人買三星就是因為喜歡南韓。我們過去也經常看到中國人抵制日貨,甚至砸爛豐田汽車,不是因為他們不喜歡日貨(相反,不少人崇拜日貨,比如去日本搶購座廁板)、不喜歡豐田汽車,而是當時不喜歡日本。

那麼「一帶一路」是什麼?「一帶一路」是中國牽頭描繪的一個長遠的全球化藍圖。它包括「絲綢之路經濟帶」和「二十一世紀海上絲綢之路」,把中國與沿線國家串聯起來,共同加強這些國家之間的經濟合作。

對於中國搞「一帶一路」的真實目的是什麼,不同人和不同國家有不同的猜測和解釋,這不是我要在這裏討論的問題。不過,按我的理解,無論目的是什麼,從經濟方面來看,是否成功,有3個重要因素:基礎設施建設、政治穩定、人與人之間的互信(也就是上述的態度)。

我們都知道,由於地理條件和歷史的原因,中東很多國家內部和國與國之間的基礎設施沒有很好地連接起來,中國和歐洲的貨物也無法通過這些國家到達目的地。所以,要增加中國與這些國家及歐洲的貿易,首先就要把基礎設施建好。

其實,在「一帶一路」開始的這頭一兩年,所有的經濟活動都是基礎設施建設。此外,由於這些國家本來就沒有太多國際貿易,他們之間也沒有(不必要有)自由貿易政策,所以下一步要做的,就是建立完善的自由貿易框架。

建立人與人的聯繫

基礎設施的建設和自由貿易政策的建立是國際貿易和投資的先決條件,但不是充分條件。有了良好的基礎設施和貿易政策,若政治不穩定、不定因素太多,人們也不敢投資和進行貿易。這一點在「一帶一路」尤為重要,因為沿線很多國家在地理位置上是串在一起的,如果中間一個國家政局動盪,切斷與外界的交往,其他所有國家都會受到很大影響,她們的貨物就無法通過這個國家到達目的地。這就是我要講的第二個因素。

我要講的第三個因素是互信。我上面提到的愛屋及烏恰恰就是強調了這一點。長遠來說,中國與這些國家要建立友好關係,人與人之間要增加了解、尊重和信任,否則,有再好的設施和政策也沒用。其實,「一帶一路」也有強調這一點,只不過大部分人都沒有關注而已。「一帶一路」提到要建立人與人的聯繫(people-to-people bonding),我們的研究為此提供了強而有力的支持。

不過,說易行難。我們看看香港和中國內地的關係就明白了。在中國改革開放的初期(八十年代), 香港人與內地人來往不多,相互也不了解,甚至存在歧視。經過多年的努力,後來情況變化很大,進步很多。

如果PEW有調查,我們一定能看得到兩地態度的變化。可是近幾年又出現很多矛盾,關係在倒退。我們的設施愈來愈好,政策也愈來愈開放,但如果中港矛盾得不到改善,我們之間的經濟活動就會減少,更不用說互相合作了。這一點也對目前正在討論和規劃的「粵港澳大灣區」的發展和成敗有很重要的啟示。

總而言之,只注重建設基礎設施和增加生產是遠遠不夠的,如果忽略了人與人的交流、文化的交流,便注定不會成功。

丘東曉 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副院長、鍾瀚德基金教授(經濟發展學)

(本文同時於二零一八年一月十七日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

Investment trap-Ponzi Scheme10 Jan 2018
Adverse selection in the internet age24 Jan 2018
Trending
The Trade War and Macroeconomic Identities
The Trade War and Macroeconomic Identities
Dr. Y. F. LUK
Earlier, the U.S. and China engaged in tariff talks in Geneva and unexpectedly reached a consensus for a truce, temporarily lowering tariff rates to levels prior to the so-called "Liberation Day" in the U.S. However, the global situation remains difficult to restore to its previous state. U.S. President Trump has been employing so-called negotiation tactics, fluctuating offers between high and low, and using both genuine and deceptive strategies to create negotiation space for his side. Yet, due to a lack of confidence and logical inconsistencies, the trade war resembles a poorly executed circus act, pushing the global economic policy uncertainty index to a historic high.
21 May 2025
Faculty
Impact of the AI Industrial Revolution on Labor Market
Impact of the AI Industrial Revolution on Labor Market
Prof. Michael C.L. CHAU
Have you noticed how, historically, industrial revolutions across various nations mainly impacted low-income jobs? What’s different now is that the current wave in artificial intelligence seems different. AI not only automates entry-level positions but also has the potential to replace high-skilled, high-income roles. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), AI could affect up to 40% of global employment. That figure could be as high as 60% in developed economies like Hong Kong.
16 May 2025
Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement