HKUBS_Standard_Coloured_Shield_Blue_Text_Logo - 380
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
HKUBS_Standard_Coloured_Shield_Blue_Text_Logo - 380
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
HKUBS_Standard_Coloured_Shield_Blue_Text_Logo - 380
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media

Freedom in a Country that has Nothing but Money

23 May 2018
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email
自由和窮得只剩下錢

最近,香港記者在大陸採訪,接連發生遇襲事件。先在5月12日,有線電視記者在四川採訪汶川大地震10周年活動時遇襲,種種跡象顯示,這似是維穩分子的行為。接着一個星期之後,Now新聞攝影記者在北京採訪維權律師,尚未正式開始訪問,即與警察發生衝突,記者給武力制服並扣上手銬帶走,簽署了悔過書才獲釋放,而擬接受訪問的謝燕益律師亦同時被捕。從視頻可見,現場其他記者均受到便衣公安驅趕、吆喝。

欠缺新聞自由影響救災

筆者對兩位記者遭受這樣的待遇,深表同情。當天衝突的具體來龍去脈,並非本文的着眼點,筆者關注的是新聞自由和採訪自由的發展。

汶川大地震因豆腐渣工程導致學生傷亡,無疑是一齣悲劇,死傷者家長都是受害者。10年過去,事情真相有沒有水落石出,當時須負責的官員和商人,有沒有受到應得的處分,這些都是老百姓很關心的事情。讓有關消息公諸天下,其實對共產黨的領導一點損害都沒有。至於在北京發生的事件,謝燕益律師與2015年7月9日(所謂「709事件」)一次大規模拘捕維權律師的行動有關,這都是大家很關心而所知甚少的議題。筆者並不預設「709事件」中政府的行動有錯,也不預先假定當天謝律師的說法一定可信。但是,正如共產黨經常強調的「人民的眼睛是雪亮的」,讓人們了解真相不是更好嗎?

有人說這些都是非常敏感的話題,但是為什麼敏感的話題就不能報道呢?當政府想讓公眾知道一些事情,讓記者去採訪,那不叫新聞自由;只有當政府覺得一些事情若公眾知道了,它會感到尷尬、不舒服,這時候記者能夠採訪而不必受政府阻撓和威脅,那才是新聞自由。這樣的新聞才算得上有價值。

有則改之,無則加勉。接受批評能使人們進步,在個人來說是對的,在一個團體來說也應是對的。

這不是簡單的原則問題,還可能牽涉到千千萬萬的生命。諾貝爾經濟學獎得主Amartya Sen分析,五十年代後期,印度和中國都發生過自然災害,但印度沒有發生大饑荒,而中國就有多達2000萬到3000萬人餓死!其中一個原因,就是有沒有新聞自由。印度有新聞自由,旱災發生,各級政府就能及時了解災情,及時調動足夠糧食到災區;反觀中國因為缺乏新聞自由,中央政府並不了解災情的重要性,以致未能及時調動糧食到災區。

中國缺乏新聞自由,與中國人缺乏寬容有莫大關係。什麼是寬容?寬容就是對異見者的接受,承認自己有不足和錯誤的可能性,而那些我們不喜歡聽的言論,則有可能是對的,因此異見者應有合法權利,包括表達的自由。

最近中美貿易衝突,特別由於中興通訊公司在美國的制裁下受到極大衝擊,這令國民突然醒覺到:中國高科技並沒有我們原來想像般強大。我們在原創性技術方面依然極其匱乏,需要急起直追。然而,很難想像一個不寬容的民族,能夠在科技上做出全面突破,因為任何科技以至任何思想,在成為主流之前,都先從小開始,更往往由一些異見者提出。如果不尊重異端意見,一律零寬容,就很難讓它們茁壯成長。筆者亦不相信我們可以人格分裂,在科技領域上充滿懷疑精神、毫無禁區,而在社會生活、政治生活層面,卻不能稍有懷疑,禁區處處。

馬克思批評書報檢查令

不久前,中國為馬克思(1818年至1883年)誕生200周年紀念大事慶祝,不妨看看他如何評論對新聞自由的限制。1841年普魯士通過出版法,馬克思就撰文(《評普魯士最近的書報檢查令》)諷刺該法案要求言論要「謹慎」和「謙卑」。他在文中稱:「真理像光一樣,是很難謙虛的,需要對誰謙虛?需要對真理自己謙虛呢……還是對虛妄謙虛?」又說:「既然我們不會規定玫瑰花有紫羅蘭的芬芳,為何政府要規定我們的言論必須是這個模式,而不可以是另一模式?」

我們亦可看看馬克思的老拍檔恩格斯(1820年至1895年)的相關意見。今日知道恩格斯的人不多,但他是馬克思的長期合作者,《共產黨宣言》的共同作者;馬克思去世後,他還在馬克思手稿的基礎上出版了《資本論》的第二和第三卷。1894年,恩格斯在一封信中講到,有人問他如何用一句話來解釋社會主義,他這樣回答:「在社會主義制度下,『一個人的自由發展是所有人自由發展的基礎』。」由此可見,筆者強調新聞自由和保障異端的權利,與馬克思和恩格斯的想法並無衝突。

取決於尊嚴和公民素質

最近中央通過修改憲章,取消國家正、副主席兩屆任期的限制,同時把原本在憲法序言裏面「中國由共產黨領導」的字眼,載入了正文。共產黨的權力進一步集中,如果我們不覺悟寬容的重要性,則作為異議者的代價就更大,中國人將更加唯唯諾諾,這絕非國家民族之福。筆者認為,未來中國會否變得更自由,歸根究柢取決於對以下兩個考慮的回應:

一、關乎尊嚴的問題。今天我們可以像專家一樣,對美國的President評頭品足,高談闊論,但對自己的President則避重就輕,唯唯諾諾,這不是很諷刺嗎?外國人除了想着賺中國的錢之外,他們還能發現我們什麼優點呢?我們希望下一代有獨立的思想,能夠開天闢地,但我們又能如何樹立榜樣呢?

二、公民素質的問題。我們都在做中國復興之夢,這些夢想要靠怎樣的公民去實現?假若所有公民都習慣靈活走位,謹小慎微,這個國家的發展不過是表面風光。相反,具有獨立精神、自由思想這般素質的公民,才可算是國家棟樑。

 

趙耀華 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副教授
(本文同時於二零一八年五月廿三日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

Reclamation and New Town Development Indispensable for Filling the Land Supply Gap16 May 2018
土地選項效益分析之慮29 May 2018
Trending
Implement Industrial Metrics to Observe Trends in Industry Development
Implement Industrial Metrics to Observe Trends in Industry Development
Prof. Heiwai TANG
Prof. Heiwai Tang, Associate Dean of the HKU Business School and Director of the Asia Global Institute, has highlighted the need for Hong Kong to diversify its economy beyond its current narrow structure. To drive sustainable growth, he calls for the development of "new industries" and introduces a groundbreaking method to assess their economic contributions. This innovative approach enables the government to track industrial trends, design targeted policies, and measure their effectiveness with precision. Applying this method, Prof. Tang’s research uncovers the substantial potential of new industries to expand Hong Kong’s GDP. Fueled by rapid advancements in innovation and technology, sectors like "research, design, testing, and environmental engineering" saw their value added soar from HK$3.3 billion to HK$13.3 billion between 2000 and 2023. Similarly, "computer programming, data, and industrial internet services" has surged from HK$5 billion to HK$25.5 billion in the same period. Beyond these emerging sectors, Prof. Tang underscores Hong Kong’s pivotal role in the global supply chain. He notes that productive services, ranging from logistics to legal services, are essential in supporting not only local industries but also worldwide supply networks, making them a vital component of Hong Kong’s economic future.
22 May 2025
Faculty

HK01 (Chinese Only)
The Trade War and Macroeconomic Identities
The Trade War and Macroeconomic Identities
Dr. Y. F. LUK
Earlier, the U.S. and China engaged in tariff talks in Geneva and unexpectedly reached a consensus for a truce, temporarily lowering tariff rates to levels prior to the so-called "Liberation Day" in the U.S. However, the global situation remains difficult to restore to its previous state. U.S. President Trump has been employing so-called negotiation tactics, fluctuating offers between high and low, and using both genuine and deceptive strategies to create negotiation space for his side. Yet, due to a lack of confidence and logical inconsistencies, the trade war resembles a poorly executed circus act, pushing the global economic policy uncertainty index to a historic high.
21 May 2025
Faculty
Dr_Stepten_Chiu_web
About Author
Dr. Stephen Y CHIU

Honorary Associate Professor

Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement