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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
With men of letters gone, how to retain rare talents in Hong Kong?

With men of letters gone, how to retain rare talents in Hong Kong?

8 Mar 2023
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香江失健筆 本港缺奇才

上周末,幾位朋友談起文壇現狀,大嘆香港連失健筆,人才凋零。去年年中倪匡仙逝,年底走了西西,今年年初劉紹銘過身;加上老病的、封筆的、歸隱的、出走的,昔日風流,盡被雨打風吹去。筆者好文,聽了心有戚戚。然而在大多數人眼裏,文人畢竟只屬少數,縱使文壇花果飄零,在社會上也僅能泛起一點漣漪。

香港正當一片搶人才的熱潮,文化圈的損失看來無足輕重,至少不是當務之急。這種想法,似乎無可厚非,但其實不然。一個城市的文化底蘊和創造力,決定其氣質風貌,對吸引人才可謂舉足輕重。

投才所好 文化吸力

人力資本是經濟學的核心概念。經濟學家研究各種人力資本的載體,包括體力勞動者、技術工人、企業家、商人、職業經理人、科技工作者等等,唯獨欠缺文化人和藝術家。這主要是因為這個群體的投入產出方式難以衡量,無從客觀釐定,並非他們對經濟活動不重要。武俠小說一代宗師金庸以及粵語流行曲教父黃霑,為香港所創造的經濟價值並不亞於商業大亨或者金融巨擘。更重要的是,文藝領域的奇才足以影響其他領域的人才對一個城市的偏好。

每年年初是本地大學經濟院系向全球廣發英雄帖,大舉招聘教授的季節。來香港的應聘者,往往也是新加坡幾所大學的重點關注對象。獅城和本港的科研實力旗鼓相當,大學老師薪酬接近,在城市環境和生活質量上差別不大。決定勝負的,離不開與文化相關的軟環境。領略了香港的美食美景之後,應聘者難免會問,最近有哪些音樂名家前來演出,哪位本地作家的新著作面世,發生了什麼風雅的奇聞逸事?

一個城市的文化氛圍,不僅對大學招聘至關重要,對搶奪其他領域的人才也不容忽視。多倫多大學的佛羅里達(Richard Florida)教授曾經寫過一本頗有影響力的書,名為《創意階層的興起》(The Rise of the Creative Class)。他認為,以高科技和文藝工作者為中心的創意階層,是現代城市活力的源泉,也是經濟增長的引擎。然而,這個階層恰恰是飛來飛去的人群,正是「揀盡寒枝不肯棲」。要讓這些人棲居下來,一個城市必須富有創造性的精神特質(creative ethos),而這些人的積極參與,則又進一步鞏固城市的創意文化。當創意階層在社會上佔一定比例,這個城市就會脫胎換骨,一飛沖天。

創意文化 追本溯源

佛羅里達教授的想法跟所謂的快樂學習法一樣,自然極為誘人,也切中不少經濟高速增長城市的文化願景。近年來,內地主要城市的政府紛紛提出發展文化產業、興建創意園的綱領。特區政府在這方面算是先行一步,從2000年開始,就陸續推出創意智優計劃和文化發展基金等計劃,銳意把香港打造成亞洲的創意之都。時至2020年,創意產業的增加值約佔香港本地生產總值的2.3%。儘管這個比例不盡如人意,特區政府不減對創意產業的支持,但不得不審視的問題是,香港發展創意經濟的根基在哪裏?

由於高度的商業化和文化的獨特性,香港在許多內地人眼裏一直是文化的荒郊野嶺;就算有文化,也僅僅限於金庸、古龍、倪匡,以及眾多娛樂明星創造的通俗文化。20年前,筆者第一次來港,就是戴着這樣的有色眼鏡。在出差的最後一天,正準備到時代廣場買一支數碼錄音筆,剛好路過銅鑼灣的商務印書館,抱着開卷有益的心理進去閒逛。不料這一駐足竟讓筆者對香港文化界大為改觀。

記得當時在書店連站六七個小時,翻閱一本又一本張五常、林行止的大作,最後又意猶未盡地看了半本董橋,外加半本跟香港淵源頗深的陳之藩。離港之時,錄音筆沒買成,港產墨客騷人大大小小的著作倒是買了一堆。回到內地與文友特別舉行了一次閱讀會,大夥從此不再宣稱香港為文化荒漠。

此後的很長一段時間,每次來港,筆者總能驚喜地發現本地文化的耀眼之處,從文學到音樂影視,以至視覺藝術,都頗有獨到之處。難能可貴的是,香港文藝的創造力並非來自廟堂,而更多的是源於民間,為行走江湖之中的奇才所創。這樣的文化產品,根基更深,原創性更強,影響力也更廣。

另闢蹊徑 廣納人才

香港在文化方面的創造力,固然得益於百年來的中西交匯,更歸功於社會自由開放之風。過去數十年,香港一直是兩岸三地文化人的聚散地,南來北往中,碰撞出林林總總的新想法和新思維。

近幾年中西摩擦增多,交流減少,加上粵語文化萎縮,本港人才流失,文化的原創力也就減弱了許多。這也許是創意行業未能蓬勃發展的一個原因。事實上,業界所急需的不是政府的資金扶持,而是新的文化創造者。

為了應對各地搶人才的競爭,特區政府去年底推出「高端人才通行證(高才通)計劃」。儘管近日出現了有案底科技人員一度輕易獲批、內地人藉此來港生育等爭論,政府招賢納士的決心和舉措還是可圈可點。是項計劃的標準一看學歷,二看金錢,未免過於狹隘,有人甚至質疑,特區政府到底是愛才還是愛財。在筆者看來,「高才通」的標準適用於科技和財經人才,卻難以適用於其他範疇的人才,尤其是文化人才。

特區政府不妨另闢蹊徑,開通引進文化人才的特殊通道。當然,這是短期的權宜之計;長遠而言,理應努力營造自由多元、兼容並蓄的文化氛圍,以便培育本港和吸引外地的文化奇才。

 

吳延暉博士
港大經管學院經濟學、管理及商業策略副教授

(本文同時於二零二三年三月八日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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