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Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Van Gogh in the Chip: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Creative Processes and the Art Market

Van Gogh in the Chip: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Creative Processes and the Art Market

11 Jun 2025
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芯片裡的梵高:人工智能如何重塑創作邏輯和藝術市場
藝術與AI矛盾背後的行業存亡思辨

近年來,人工智能(AI)技術的爆發式發展,在世界各地掀起了激烈討論與深層焦慮,究竟人工智能會否替代人類工作,並且摧毀各行各業。早在 2016 年,英國物理學家霍金生前就有此預言:隨着人工智能崛起,中產階級勢將深受就業流失趨勢的影響,只有最講求關愛、創造力和監督力的崗位得以保留。【註1】

在這場席捲全球的技術革新浪潮中,藝術行業因其對創意與審美的極高要求,往往被視為人類獨特性的最後壁壘。香港特區政府非常重視文藝創意產業,全力推動此一生態圈的繁榮,2023年用於培育新進藝術人才和資助藝團發展的撥款接近1億元。與此同時,現實的矛盾卻正在凸顯;已有報導指出,一些藝術從業員抱怨工作機會正被人工智能悄然擠佔。

為明晰討論邊界,筆者將借助人工智能繪圖工具創作的藝術作品定義為「人工智能藝術」,而將通過傳統繪畫工具獨立完成的原創作品稱作「原生人類藝術」。當下,一邊是 「原生人類藝術不可替代」 的堅定信念,一邊是「人工智能藝術正在崛起」 的現實衝擊,這種認知衝突直指核心命題:人工智能究竟會如何重塑藝術家的創作邏輯?當人工智能深度介入有關領域,原生人類藝術作品的市場價值是否會被人工智能藝術吞噬殆盡?

美學、創意、聲譽的三方博弈

在探討人工智能對藝術行業的影響前,應先破解評估藝術作品價值的「密碼」。 這個看似充滿感性色彩的一環,實則暗藏一套微妙的理性邏輯。經典的享樂主義定價理論揭示了藝術品價值的本質——價值來自其美學和創造力水平。鑑賞一件藝術品時,其中蘊含的美學特質與創新因子,恰似一顆投入湖面的石子,會在觀賞者心中激發美學享受、好奇心滿足以及情感共鳴。【註2】

然而,觀賞者對藝術品美學與創造力水平的評價,每每具有強烈主觀性,難以形成統一標準,此時公眾普遍認可的創作者聲譽,便成為衡量藝術品價值的關鍵標尺。即便無法與畢卡索的抽象藝術產生情感共振的觀者,也不會否定其作品的藝術價值。藝術家在行業內的地位與影響力,為作品價值提供了共識錨點。

綜合而言,藝術品的美學水平、創造力水平與藝術家聲譽,共同構成了決定其市場價值的核心要素。在此基礎上,人工智能技術將如何從這3個維度介入藝術創作過程?對原生人類藝術品的價值呈現,又會產生什麼影響?

AI是助力還是挑戰

人工智能與藝術創作的關係正引發行業思辨。支持者認為,人工智能繪圖工具能根據使用者的指令,整合不同藝術流派的技法與概念,為創作提供多元靈感。美國紐約大學相關研究顯示,與人工智能工具互動後,藝術創作者的思路因受到顯著啟發而開闊得多,部分創作者從中獲得突破固有風格的新視角,提升自身的美學素養和創造力水平。【註3】

此外,「人工智能藝術家」標籤正成為行業先鋒符號。隨着人工智能技術熱度攀升,嘗試以人工智能輔助創作的藝術家更易引發公眾與媒體關注。這種曝光效應將可能為其帶來提升個人聲譽的契機,因而在藝術生態圈中更易形成差異化影響力。

反對者對此則有所擔憂。加拿大多倫多大學一項研究指出,長期依賴 AI 工具可能導致使用者個人創意降低,思維趨向同質化。【註4】如此看來,過度依賴人工智能或對藝術創作者的個人能力產生負面效果。版權與道德問題也隨之凸顯,據報道,多名著名藝術家共同起訴 AI 繪圖工具供應商,指控其濫用有關作品作 AI 訓練用途、侵害版權,以致應用 AI 繪圖工具的創作者亦面臨聲譽受損的風險。

目前,應用人工智能對藝術家美學素養、創造力水平和行業聲譽的具體影響尚無定論,相關爭議仍有待通過實證數據加以探究。

AI輔助創作的價值增長曲線

數字藝術品交易平台近年不斷發展,藝術創作者可在這些平台上透過電子檔案形式,出售各類畫作以供顧客下載,並在社區內與潛在顧客互動。某領先平台要求作者披露作品是否以 AI技術繪製,這種規則既清晰區分了「人工智能藝術」與「原生人類藝術」的界線,也使研究者得以追踪分析兩類作品的市場表現。

筆者的研究團隊針對某領先數字藝術品交易平台,對3355位藝術家的 415906件繪畫作品數據及其交易記錄,展開了全面且系統性的分析。研究樣本聚焦於原生人類藝術作品,由創作者獨立繪製,充分展現出其內在藝術能力與創新能力。研究過程中運用了多領域先進演算法:採用機器視覺領域的BAID演算法衡量其原生人類畫作審美價值;借助 Meta AI Lab 的 Dino V2演算法抽取圖像特徵,並結合滾動餘弦距離演算法,以評估藝術家在其原生人類藝術作品中表現的創新能力; 同時以粉絲授予的勳章數量,反映藝術家聲譽的變化。

研究結果顯示,嘗試運用人工智能技術的藝術創作者,其美學素養、創造力水平及個人聲譽均呈現向上態勢:在與人工智能繪圖工具互動後,作者後續發布的原生人類藝術品在美學、創意維度評分顯著提高,且在價格、銷量及利潤方面均實現增長。這一研究成果支持了一個積極的假設:人工智能技術很有可能並沒有擠壓傳統藝術市場,反而通過賦能創作者,有效拓寬了原生人類藝術品的價值空間。

AI技術賦能的未來圖景

我們的研究結果顯示,人工智能大概並非原生人類藝術品行業的終結者,相反,它有可能正扮演着賦能者的角色,為積極接納它的藝術創作者開啟全新機遇之門。長遠而言,若能合理運用人工智能工具,從中汲取靈感與技巧,有望成為藝術創作者保持競爭力的關鍵。

著眼於人工智能技術的巨大潛力,立足亞洲藝術與技術革新前沿,香港特區政府正積極投資,布局人工智能在創意產業的發展,同時構建風險防控體系。 香港生成式人工智能研發中心已推出 HKGAI V1 系列人工智能工具,具備文本、圖像、音頻、視頻的多媒體綜合生成能力,為業界提供強大的創作輔助。再者,數字政策辦公室也公布了《香港生成式人工智能技術及應用指引》,聚焦版權、道德等關鍵問題,為人工智能創意產業的穩健發展築牢合規根基。

展望未來,文化藝術產業將步入人類創造力與人工智能深度融合的嶄新時代。在技術與藝術的碰撞交融中,藝術的邊界將不斷拓展,新的美學範式與創作形態有望持續湧現,相信可為全球文藝愛好者帶來更多驚喜與感動。

註1:https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/01/stephen-hawking-dangerous-time-planet-inequality

註2:Hernando, E., & Campo, S. (2017). “Does the Artist’s Name Influence the Perceived Value of an Art Work?” International Journal of Arts Management 19(2): 46–58.

註3:https://www.sps.nyu.edu/homepage/emerging-technologies-collaborative/blog/2023/embracing-creativity-how-ai-can-enhance-the-creative-process.html

註4:https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2410.03703

方鈺麟教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學教授,數字經濟與創新研究所總監

牟洋忱
香港大學數字經濟與創新研究所研究助理

錢冰潔博士
香港大學數字經濟與創新研究所博士后、同濟大學經管學院助理教授

(本文同時於二零二五年六月十一日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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