logo
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
logo
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
港大經管學院
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Reform property rates to play down the importance of keeping land prices high

Reform property rates to play down the importance of keeping land prices high

19 Aug 2020
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email
改革差餉稅制 淡化地價角色

樓價過高一向是香港亟待解決的問題之一。觀乎香港自1997年回歸後的22個財政年度(1997/98至2018/19),四類主要私人物業售價指數升幅可觀,私人住宅上升超過130%,私人寫字樓上升逾150%,零售業樓宇升幅約210%,分層工廠大廈增幅更逾420%。樓價升勢與地價高企關係密不可分。

同一時期內,政府每年地價收入總體升幅在160%以上,2017/18年度地價收入更錄得1648億元的歷史高峰,為當年各類公共收入之冠。按住宅及非住宅用地劃分,住宅用地賣地收入佔每年賣地收入百分比的平均值約73%。可以預見,若政府繼續從高地價獲得可觀進賬,私營房屋樓價將難望回落,私樓租戶的租金負擔更將百上加斤。

理應減得其所

政府抬高地價,究其原因,或與財政方針有關。自1997/98年度至今,政府長期保持財政盈餘,平均每年約300億元,地價收入則平均約557億元;若扣除地價收入,公共財政就會入不敷出。政府致力推行的各項稅務寬減,也有賴於地價的優厚收入。然而,作為其中一大紓困措施的差餉寬減,卻算不上「到位」,不但未能直接為備受租金壓力的普羅大眾雪中送炭,反而為受惠於樓價飆升的業主錦上添花,實在有欠公平!

筆者認為,政府應該取消差餉寬減的措施;以過去22個財政年度計算,則庫房可多獲約1344億元進賬(期間總財政盈餘約為6603億元)。這筆額外收入,無論用作財政擴張或降低地價,同樣有助達致社會公平。

革除低稅積弊

事實上,現行差餉水平也值得商榷。除在1998/99年度低見4.5%之外,回歸以來差餉稅率一直維持在5%。根據差餉物業估價署資料,「應課差餉租值是假設物業在一個指定估價依據日期空置出租時,按年出租,估計可得的年租」【註】,其價值應與物業租金回報相當。

同一期間,私人住宅回報率平均約為3.6%,私人寫字樓和零售業樓宇則為4.4%,分層工廠大廈最高,約為7.1%。由此可算出,每年應繳差餉佔此四類物業價值的平均百分比分別為:0.18%(即3.6%×5%),0.22%(即4.4%×5%),0.22%(即4.4%×5%)及0.36%(即7.1%×5%)。

另一方面,期內四類物業價格指數的每年平均增長率如下:住宅5.03%、寫字樓6.48%、零售業樓宇6.61%、分層工廠大廈9.52%。加上物業市場的回報率,此四類物業每年應繳差餉數額僅佔物業總收益率約為2%(0.18%÷(3.6%+5.03%)=2.08%, 0.22%÷(4.4%+6.48%)=2.03%, 0.22%÷(4.4%+6.61%)=2.01%, 0.36%÷(7.1%+9.52%)=2.14%)。差餉稅率過低,已是不爭的事實。

提高差餉稅率,並非無先例可援。在1984/85財政年度以前(和1931年7月1日之後),差餉稅率一直是雙位數,更於1976/77財政年度高見18%。假設取消過去的差餉寬減,並將差餉稅率加倍至每年應課差餉租值10%,則過去22個財政年度的累計差餉及地租收入,即增至10360億元。若將差餉稅率提高至15%,則累計差餉及地租收入更可達14831億元,媲美12252億元的累計地價收入。況且差餉及地租收入屬於經營收入,較不屬經營收入之列的地價收入穩定。

從奉行穩健財政的角度來看,增加差餉及地租收入應是特區政府的較佳選擇。此外,改革差餉還有助政府減少財政預算對賣地收入的依賴,透過增加土地供應,令地價回落至合理水平,最終就能大大提升房屋供應,減輕市民的住房負擔。

以利民為目標

雖然15%的「三倍差餉」難免增加部分業主的負擔,但是通過完善稅制,亦能促進社會公平。首先,取消以往的差餉寬減並不表示完全取締寬減,而是另闢蹊徑,採取新寬減辦法。

筆者建議,政府寬減自住樓宇10個百分點的差餉,即對自住單位仍然徵收每年應課差餉租值5%,而對其他出租住宅及商業樓宇則徵收15%的差餉。如此一來,自住單位的業主便不會受到影響,而志在投機的業主則須付出較高代價。

再者,此項寬減亦不至於令政府差餉收入大減。根據回歸後所有財政年度估計,累計寬減數額只佔總差餉收入的19.57%,遠遠低於原先差餉寬減的30.88%;況且「三倍差餉」及地租的累計收入之和,在扣除對自住樓宇的寬減數額之後,仍可達12207億元,與累計地價收入(12252億元)相差無幾。

促進社會公平

綜上所述,「自住寬減」遠勝「普遍寬減」。同時,由於公屋住戶不須繳納差餉(由房屋委員會或房屋協會代繳),而差餉亦可視作一項累進稅,因此推行差餉改革對促進社會公平亦有裨益。

香港樓價高不可攀,與特區政府的高地價作風互為扣緊;若政府打算降低地價,又會受財政預算的掣肘。通過實行「三倍差餉」及「自住寬減」的措施,差餉及地租將為庫房帶來與地價收入相若,而且是更穩定的經營收入。只要善加利用,特區政府有望放開手腳,大幅增加土地及房屋供應,進而降低樓價,最終可收利民紓困之效。

註:https://www.rvd.gov.hk/tc/faqs/rates.html

 

程騰歡 港大經管學院副教授
牟昊鑫 港大經管學院研究助理

(本文同時於二零二零年八月十九日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

How do Chinese companies overcome challenges for global expansion12 Aug 2020
貨幣爭霸 花落誰家 (The race is on for the new world currency)26 Aug 2020
Trending
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Prof. Joseph CHAN
Hong Kong has long been successful in its four pillar industries, comprising trading and logistics, financial services, professional and producer services and tourism. According to the research by the HK government, they contributed close to 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and almost half of the total employment before COVID. However, all these four pillars have encountered the decline in their respective area – resulting from the rapid change in market need & user behavior, regional and global competition, the development in new value-chain and advanced technology, as well as geo-political environment. As a solution, ‘innovation’ has been introduced to address these pain-points of Hong Kong. The question to ask, how should we develop the innovation strategies – instead of coming up ideas for the sake of ‘innovation’? In this article, we will discuss how innovation strategy could be approached from the perspective of poverty alleviation to Web3 industry development – two topics sound not-related, but their common ground might give us the insight on how we could find the development path of Hong Kong.
14 May 2025
Faculty
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Dr. Maurice K.S. TSE
關稅豪賭  只有輸家 國際貨幣基金組織在上月發表的《世界經濟展望》,將全球經濟增長預測從今年 1 月的 3.3% 顯著調低至 2.8%。報告指出,中國和印度將成為推動全球經濟增長的主要動力,預計未來5年貢獻比例分別為 23%和超過15%;而美國因其關稅政策的不確定性,對全球經濟的貢獻率遭下調至 11.3%。
7 May 2025
Faculty
0HKU_1881_2019
About Author
Prof. Stephen CHING

Associate Professor

Tags
Government
Housing
Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement