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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Hong Kong National Security Law: Haste makes waste

Hong Kong National Security Law: Haste makes waste

24 Jun 2020
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港區國安法  欲速則不達 

筆者最近在某報(《紐約時報》或者《金融時報》)看到一則有趣的四格漫畫,主人公是習近平和特朗普。第一格中可見,他們言談甚歡,其中一人說:「最近國內事情很困擾哦」,對方附和道:「真是,我們國內事情也很困擾哦」。第二格內,一人說「幸虧有外國勢力的干預」,另一人得意地附和「正是!」第三格則是休息完畢,兩人要出場了。第四格中,兩個巨人在擂台上格鬥,習近平和特朗普各自帶領團隊,為自己的選手搖旗吶喊,力竭聲嘶。台上那兩位搏擊者,一個名叫中國,一個名叫美國。這則漫畫警惕我們,不要too simple,不要too naive;我們凡夫俗子看到的表象,可能與真相相差十萬幾千里!

對於「港區國安法」事件的出現,美國的反應極其強烈。筆者留意到,網上流傳來自本港以至國外反對派的視頻,對於美國期望頗高,筆者頗感納悶,原因有三。

不要對外國的支持抱有幻想

第一,世上沒有無緣無故的愛。美國精英階層熱愛自由、人權和法治,對香港人可能失去自由、人權和法治寄予同情,這倒不難理解,但是要他們用盡九牛二虎之力,出手幫香港人一把,那是不切實際的期望。香港是否只是一隻棋子?當然也不必斷定其背後目的就是不光彩的。近年中國內地的部分舉措確實令人不安,例如懷疑在泰國綁架一名瑞典公民回中國;在孟晚舟被捕後,拘捕兩個在華的加拿大人;在澳洲要求追查新冠肺炎病毒起源不久,對來自該國的礦產和其他產品徵收關稅,等等。

第二,這些網上視頻往往把疫情連帶一起考慮,指出美國在今次大流行危機中死了十多萬人,作為重視生命的國家,一定會為死者討回公道。但是,新冠死亡人數那麼多,該國經濟備受重創,5月份失業率就達雙位數字,正是敗軍之將,何以言勇?今日美國仍然十分依靠中國內地出口的醫療設備和疫苗,當務之急是休養生息,而不是另闢戰線;若要美國大力對付這個全球第二大經濟體,無疑是高估了它的決心和能力,也低估了它的理智。

第三,我們得區分一個政府及其首腦。特朗普上台以來所推政策和做事作風,均與團結國際社會和維護美國優秀傳統的目標背道而馳。他少講原則,多講實利;他既然毫不介意在俄羅斯干預美國選舉的情況下,登上總統寶座,那麼自然亦不會介意中國「幫助」他連任。剛剛出版的John Bolton回憶錄(The Room Where It Happened),就有多處提及特朗普在中國問題上輕視原則,重視實利。他現在高調地關注香港問題,還慫恿其他國家聯合起來,說不定只是爭取連任的談判手段而已。

循序漸進事緩則圓

回到「港區國安法」一事,對於北京政府強行推動的手法,筆者不能苟同。這裏只舉出兩個原因。

第一就是草率。一條有深遠影響的法例,即使表面上完全合理,無懈可擊,然而在落實之前,務必經過慎重考慮。打個比方,一個軟件發展商寫了一個新程式,在試行運作五小時期間並無任何問題,但是否表示編寫工作大功告成,可推出軟件作商業用途?當然不是,因為還須不斷反覆測試,可能在測試五千小時之後,就會出現一個重大缺陷。

事實上,現在要推行的「港區國安法」,在本地社會就沒有廣泛的共識。基於目前已有資料,在港設立維護國家安全公署,執法部門的改組,司法獨立性受到限制,可以把疑犯送回大陸受審,等等,這確實與「港人治港,五十年不變」牴觸,怎能不令香港人擔憂?

凡事都有利有弊,「港區國安法」對本港以及內地有什麼長遠弊處呢?港人是否已經充分理解?好像做生意一樣,遇到一個新項目,如果只看到在好景時可賺多少,卻不去考慮失敗時的最壞後果,你覺得妥當嗎?

第二,斷錯症,落錯藥。「港區國安法」源於去年反修例運動餘波一直沒完沒了。對於造成亂局,示威者不知進退,當然有一定的責任,但是始作俑者是特首林鄭月娥,而反抗運動之所以持續不斷,則是警暴和林鄭對之坐視不理所致。筆者早前在本欄就已提出,要止暴制亂,就要先挽回民心,要挽回民心,就要回應市民對警暴問題的擔憂。就筆者所知,香港根本沒有多少人支持「港獨」,外國勢力若存在,充其量只起推波助瀾的作用,而非問題核心所在;筆者相當肯定,北京最高層所了解的香港情況,在資訊層層上報,層層篩選的情況下,其實是極其片面、極其扭曲的,與真實情況相去甚遠。此時若通過「港區國安法」,是治標不治本,事倍功半。

延聘外國顧問檢視特區管治

華為這家科技旗艦公司,其向西方取經的舉措其實值得北京政府借鑑。1990年代後期,華為的業務出現樽頸問題,創始人任正非毅然聘請IBM公司作為期五年的顧問,更言聽計從,實現自我改造,公司於是取得突破性的發展。(見2018年12月19日筆者於本欄文章《以華為為師》一文)

任正非這樣傑出的人物也需要虛心受教,其實一點也不出奇。哪個傑出運動員沒有教練?他們為什麼要向實力不如自己的人言聽計從?原因很簡單,人總有盲點,有時也會軟弱、迷失、狂妄自大,因此更需要適時的提點、鼓勵和鞭策。個人如是,團體組織亦不例外。

內地政府不妨考慮聘請有聲譽的西方顧問公司,檢視本港的管治情況,特別是要把一年多以來反修例運動的來龍去脈,如實反映,並提出建議。這種做法能夠消除官員上報時層層篩選事實的弊處,同時避免公開的獨立調查委員會可能引發的尷尬情況。若發現這個報告沒有用,也可以不接受其建議。通過客觀的科學方法處理政治問題,解難其實可以很簡單。

我們凡夫俗子看到事情的表象,可能與真相相差十萬幾千里;最高領導人所看到的材料,同樣可以與真相相差十萬幾千里!

 

趙耀華 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副教授

(本文同時於二零二零年六月二十四日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄。)

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