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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column

Easy to suppress rioters, difficult to gain people’s trust

27 Nov 2019
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「暴民」易除 民心難挽

最近讀到這個真實的故事,對當下香港人的處境,不無啟發。

2018年7月15日,阿福二哥因住得最近,是最早到達醫院看望阿福的親人。雖說住得最近,其實他們亦好幾年沒有見面了。阿福在前天晚上被發現倒臥街頭,據最先發現他們的兩個警察所述,發現阿福時他已經沒有心跳,是這兩個警察經一輪急救,才讓阿福恢復脈搏跳動。現在臥在病床上的阿福,仍然昏迷,面部大部分的地方都被繃帶包紮着,身上還滿是喉管和包紮之類的。

阿福之死

在二哥的記憶中,阿福雖是一個溫和善良的小孩,但成長過程中卻總是出現各種問題,在學校成績不好、懶惰、青少年濫藥、成年之後醉酒鬧事等等,想不到現在仍然為他增添煩惱。

阿福的其他親人陸續到來,阿福的三家姐和他關係最好,早年移民到澳洲,也第一時間趕來。對於許多年沒有見面、在床上包紮得動彈不得的弟弟,她一邊幫他擦身按摩,一邊飲泣道:「我的天啊,怎麼會這麼糟糕的,你好像變了另一個人!」

阿福和前妻育有兩個女兒,她們都移居到新加坡,前妻由於與阿福過往的傷痛經歷,決定不回來看他,倒是他的16歲長女,知道父親命懸一線,堅持要回來看看他。其實女兒回憶所及,只見過父親兩次,上一次已經是10年前了。

阿福臥床一直昏迷,最終於同年7月29日去世了。當家人忙於處理阿福身後事的時候,突然收到有關當局一個非常震撼的來電:「阿福還未死!死者不是阿福!」

法醫官判斷致死原因時,循例核對一下死者的身份。假阿福被發現的時候身上有阿福的身份證,也有寄給阿福的信件,阿福之前也曾在那所醫院求診,他們年齡、體重、身高相若,在醫院期間頭部又被包紮了,多年不見的家人都沒有發現異樣!法醫官在接受英文傳媒的訪問時這樣說It’s not the norm by any stretch of the imagination. But no, it’s not terribly rare.(這種錯誤事件令人難以置信,絕對不是常規,但也不是那麼罕見。)

這是個在美國紐約發生的真實個案,死者Raheme Perry被誤為Frederick Williams,讀者欲知真阿福的去向以及假阿福的來歷,可以看看Propublica引人入勝的報道The Wrong Goodbye(https://features.propublica.org/wrong-goodbye/mistaken-identity-end-of-life-decision-family-support-frederick-williams-raheme-perry/)。

失蹤的失蹤人口

這個故事對目下的香港人有一啟發。

第一就是誤認身份和何謂失蹤人口的問題。至親都可以認錯人,那個在CCTV裏出現的陳彥霖是否真是陳彥霖?那個在電視台闢謠的陳彥霖母親是否真是陳彥霖母親?在醫院找尋阿福的家人,他們已經多年沒有聯絡。這種狀況可能會繼續下去,若日後阿福真的失去聯絡了,他的家人大概亦不會去報警尋求協助。到底有多少失蹤人口是沒有紀錄在官方數字上呢?這種情況在現今家庭觀念薄弱的環境下尤為嚴重,因為人失蹤了,也沒有至親發現,而朋友同學的舉報,則未必受到執法當局受理。

第二,事實的關鍵難以判斷。到底阿福當晚發生了什麼事情,以致會昏倒在街頭?他送院之後的醫療紀錄,表示血液裏有毒品可卡因,但是他的頭部也有一塊瘀血,到底致命原因是可卡因,是那塊瘀血,還是醫療失誤?目擊證人是否可信?當警方和市民的關係不錯,可以排除警方有意的隱瞞事實;但是若事件發生在今時今日的香港,就不要期待市民仍然會相信警察。

警暴問題 不能逃避

第三,公職人員在維持社會的公平和公正方面的重要性。上述事件中,那個法醫官盡忠職守,若他稍有疏忽,也許就不會發現這宗死錯人事件,真相就不會公諸於世。推而廣之,如果當公職人員普遍紀律廢弛,或為了某種政治目的而違反專業守則的話,社會就會變得是非不分,公義不能彰顯,對市民造成不必要的傷害。今天香港警察暴力司空見慣,政府負責公共衞生的官員罔顧市民健康而不公開催淚彈的化學成分,這不僅不符合專業精神,更是徹底違反人性的行為。

香港今年發生的反修例運動,從6月底林鄭宣布暫緩修訂,到剛剛完成的區議會選舉,可以說是經歷了第二個階段。在這期間,警暴成為運動的焦點。而正因為日趨嚴重的警暴,像火上加油一樣,使得這場運動能夠持續這麼久,儘管抗爭者暴力程度達到史無前例,仍然得到廣大市民的同情。

市民對警方不滿可以分為三方面。第一點,就是從目前公開的資料,已經顯示出警方在許多情況下出現了怠工、失職、過度暴力,甚至違法的一面。最明顯的是7月21日元朗警察集體失蹤,8月31日在太子港鐵站車廂內無差別亂棍毆打市民;此外,在示威場所中對已被制服者使用過分暴力以及濫捕等問題,就更罄竹難書。

第二,警方對於上述事件視若無睹,文過飾非,閃爍其詞,甚至態度囂張,目中無人,幸災樂禍,指鹿為馬。筆者完全明白警方在執行任務時的困難,個別警察出現的過火行為是可以理解的,但是可以理解與姑息問題、不承認錯誤是兩回事。警方這種錯誤態度,甚至比他們原先所犯的錯誤更為嚴重。

第三,除了一些已經很明顯的過失,期間還出現許多令市民不安的事情,這些警方最終未必須要負上責任,但是他們有責任配合調查,給予市民徹底的交代。這包括知專陳彥霖同學之死、10月1日中學生在荃灣被近距離開槍穿肺險死、11月3日科大周同學在將軍澳跌死、11月11日西灣河周同學在手無寸鐵下被近距離槍擊險死。

此外,新屋嶺到底發生過什麼事情,為什麼當時有社會賢達要求探訪亦被拒絕?而且警方還被指摘冒充示威者破壞,然後插贓嫁禍。警方原本可以詳細解釋這些事件,提高事件透明度和取得民心卻不為,不禁令人費解。

由於累計被捕的人數已超過5000人,勇武派已經損傷慘重,而大眾亦都清楚知道,香港不能承受這麼大的破壞,因此從暴力的廣泛程度來看,這個運動已經達到了最高點,以後不會有這麼大規模的社會運動。這是好事。

在接着要進入的第三個階段,估計香港市民將繼續堅持,並採取更靈活的和理非路線,針對警權過大,進行鍥而不捨的抗爭。周日的區議會選舉,再次證明香港人有決心要做有尊嚴的自由人,如果政府對此仍然熟視無睹,不去改弦易轍,則不僅政令難以推行,警察和政府高官以至他們的家庭成員,將不可能有尊嚴和顏面地在香港生活下去。香港這半年內的核心問題其實是民心的問題,而不是抗爭者暴力嚴重的問題,但是林鄭政府把視線轉移在暴力抗爭身上。隨着暴力程度減退,希望林鄭不要逃避,能夠回應市民核心的訴求。

趙耀華 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副教授

(本文同時於二零一九年十一月二十七日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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