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FT Chinese Column

Home Research Thought Leadership FT Chinese Column
The “Smartest” AI Is Not Always the Best AI Trader

The “Smartest” AI Is Not Always the Best AI Trader

9 Jul 2026
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最“聰明”的AI未必是最優秀的AI交易員

近期,Interactive Brokers 宣佈,用戶可將 ChatGPT、Claude、Grok 等大語言模型直接接入投資賬戶,用於市場研究、投資組合分析,乃至生成交易指令。 大語言模型正從“回答問題”“生成內容”的對話工具,演化為能調用外部工具、連接真實系統、參與複雜決策的智能體。 隨著 AI 邁進真實場景,一個更具現實意義的問題隨之浮現:當它們持續參與現實金融決策時,表現究竟如何?

為探究這一問題,香港大學經管學院人工智能評估實驗室(AIEL)開展了一項實時外匯交易實驗。 10 個主流大語言模型——包括 GPT、Claude、Gemini、DeepSeek、Qwen、Grok、GLM、Kimi、MiniMax 和 Seed(Doubao)——在相同初始資金、交易工具與槓桿約束下,基於真實市場數據持續進行模擬交易。 它們每個小時獲取一次最新市場信息,自主判斷是否檢索新聞、分析行情或調整倉s位。 所有決策均基於實時數據完成,實驗有效規避了訓練數據與評測數據重疊可能帶來的數據污染風險。

自2026年4月啟動以來,經過六周運行,不同模型在交易行為和收益表現上呈現出明顯分化。 部分模型實現了接近兩位數的累計收益率,例如Qwen3.5 Plus和Kimi K2.5; 而MiniMax 2.5和DeepSeek V3.2則出現了較大虧損。 值得注意的是,這一結果與我們此前發佈的推理能力評測[i]或Chatbot Arena +[ii]通用能力榜單並不完全一致——在推理、知識問答或代碼生成任務中表現領先的模型,未必能在真實金融市場中斬獲最佳收益。

這並不令人意外。 在大多數AI基準測試中,問題通常存在明確答案; 而金融市場則充滿雜訊和不確定性。 即使對市場方向的判斷正確,也可能因為倉位管理、風險控制或交易時機選擇不當而遭受損失。 現實中的投資行業早已證明,最聰明的人未必是最成功的投資者。 對於AI而言,目前的證據似乎也指向類似的結論。 此前StockBench[iii]和LiveTradeBench[iv]等股票市場評測也觀察到了類似現象:更強的推理能力並不必然轉化為更好的投資表現。

實驗中,不同模型逐漸呈現出不同的交易風格:有些模型頻繁,有些傾向於長期持有; 有些積極使用槓桿,有些則始終保持謹慎。 這種差異同樣體現在信息獲取上。 與許多研究直接向模型提供統一新聞摘要不同,我們允許模型自主決定是否搜索新聞、查看市場數據或調取歷史價格走勢。 有些模型頻繁搜索巨集觀新聞,有些則更多依賴價格走勢和歷史數據。 正如現實市場中,不同交易員有各自偏好的資訊來源、分析框架和交易節奏,不同AI模型也展現出了相似的策略分化。

更長遠來看,這項實驗或許讓我們提前窺見了未來金融市場的一種可能形態。 今天,大多數金融機構仍將AI視為輔助工具,用於研究、分析和決策支援。 但隨著模型能力不斷提升,AI在投資流程中的角色正在逐步擴大。 從生成研究報告,到輔助構建投資組合,再到執行部分交易決策,越來越多原本由人類完成的工作開始由模型參與。 如果這一趨勢持續發展,未來金融市場中的部分決策可能將由AI直接完成。 當越來越多資金開始由演算法和模型管理時,市場運行方式本身也可能隨之發生變化。

金融市場會變化,模型本身也在持續演進。 我們的實驗持續了六周,觀察到的只是特定市場環境下的一段樣本。 今天表現領先的模型未必能夠長期領先,而未來模型的能力邊界也可能遠超現在的水準。 但有一點已經越來越清晰:當AI開始從“回答問題”轉向“做出決策”時,我們或許需要重新思考衡量智能的標準。 隨著大模型逐漸從資訊處理工具演變為決策主體,我們不僅需要關注它們能否給出正確答案,也需要關注它們如何尋找資訊、如何管理風險,以及如何在不確定環境下持續做出判斷。 對於金融市場而言,最“聰明”的AI未必是最優秀的AI交易員。

[i] https://www.hkubs.hku.hk/aimodelrankings/leaderboards/reasoningCapabilities.html

[ii] https://openlm.ai/chatbot-arena/

[iii] Chen, Y., Yao, Z., Liu, Y., Xin, A., Ye, J., Yu, J., … & Li, J. (2025). Stockbench: Can llm agents trade stocks profitably in real-world markets?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.02209.

[iv] Yu, H., Li, F., & You, J. (2025). Livetradebench: Seeking real-world alpha with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.03628.

蔣鎮輝教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學教授

(本文同時於二零二六年七月九日載於《FT中文網》明德商論專欄)

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