logo
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
logo
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
港大經管學院
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
While AI Knocking at the Door, What Will Music Industry Answer?

While AI Knocking at the Door, What Will Music Industry Answer?

4 Dec 2024
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email

當AI敲門 音樂產業命運何去何從?

今天當我們戴上耳機聆聽音樂時,會否意識到超過30%的音樂已經是由AI生成的?從去年一首AI生成歌曲Heart on My Sleeve在Spotify上一舉獲得逾2000萬的點擊,到今年年初,最大唱片公司環球唱片(Universal Music)因為AI音樂泛濫,而把旗下所有音樂從最大手機短視頻平台TikTok上撤銷,再到今年年中環球唱片和TikTok達成協議,後者同意在所有AI音樂視頻上加上「AI音樂」的標籤,AI技術對音樂產業的影響來勢洶洶。

是喜還是憂?

隨着AI技術的發展,各大科技公司的觸角已經深入到音樂行業。比如,Meta公司去年推出的MusicGen模型可以根據用戶輸入的文字生成音樂,而另一家公司Stability AI在今年推出的Stable Audio 2.0模型更允許用戶上傳現成的音樂,從而生成風格迥異的新音樂,音效甚至堪比黑膠唱片。

喜的是,AI讓非音樂專業出身的普通人不僅可以輕輕鬆鬆「創作」音樂,甚至還可以利用這些「創作」獲得額外的收入。美國一家初創公司Boomy允許用戶將其利用AI模型生成的音樂上載到Spotify等音樂串流平台,從而賺取佣金。

但憂的是,如果音樂可以被AI模型「創造」出來,那專業音樂人會否就此失業?從去年荷里活演員和劇作家對AI持續了5個月的抗議,不難看出這種憂慮已迫在眉睫。

事實上,這種憂慮也並非空穴來風。2017年Spotify上播放的音樂中,有87%是來自唱片公司的簽約歌手,但是到了2022年這個比率下降到了75%。截至2023年,AI已經生成了超過一億首樂曲,大概佔據了我們30%傾聽音樂的時間。業界人士預計,AI音樂的市場收益將會在2026年達到70億美元;到2030年,AI音樂將佔據50%的音樂市場份額。

數量抑或質素?

目前AI生成音樂的優勢在於速度和數量。美國初創公司Boomy聲稱,短短幾年AI生成樂曲已多達1800萬首;相比之下,Spotify上縱貫古今的曲目也只有一億首。可是,AI生成的音樂質素是否可以媲美專業音樂人的創作呢?目前AI的「創作」是基於過去的音樂,隨着數量的迅速增長,其質素會回歸平均(Regression to the mean);而當大眾對新技術的新鮮感退潮後,對AI生成的音樂會否感到厭煩,轉而追捧音樂人的創作?又或者,AI生成音樂和音樂人的原創音樂是否可以「科學分工」,比如AI生成音樂可以作為成本較低的背景音樂,而音樂人的創作則在演唱會舞台上熠熠生輝。

人們對於數量和質素的要求,從來都不是捨此棄彼,如何優勢互補,值得AI公司和音樂人共同探索。

對AI生成音樂感到頭痛的,不僅僅有音樂人,更有靠音樂版權為生的唱片公司。AI模型之所以可以「創造」音樂,依賴的原材料就是現有唱片公司旗下的音樂。模型學習了這些音樂的特點,從而「創造」新的音樂。但是AI公司是否需要為這些原材料付版權費?AI創造出來的音樂,是否也應該受版權保護?

近年來,對這些問題的挑戰層出不窮。比如去年,環球唱片指控一家由亞馬遜和谷歌投資的AI公司Anthropic非法使用旗下的音樂,來訓練AI模型。Anthropic公司則聲稱使用現有的音樂訓練AI模型,不屬於盜版侵權。

挑戰還是機會?

由於AI技術的發展速度遠遠超過了現行知識產權法例的進展,這些無法迅速解決的問題,就成為了灰色地帶,為唱片公司和AI科技公司既帶來挑戰,也提供機會。回顧歷史,這不是唱片公司第一次遇到科技對版權的挑戰。早在二十世紀末,當音樂從CD變成MP3電子檔案,加上Napster等共享檔案平台的興起,盜版音樂泛濫讓不少唱片公司幾近關門大吉。唱片業花了10年時間,才開發出比傳統售賣CD更加有利可圖的商業模式,並最終與音樂串流平台在音樂版權上達成協議。

以史為鑑,隨着AI音樂勢不可擋,唱片公司不再視其為洪水猛獸,而是努力尋找新的商業模式,讓音樂版權在AI時代可帶來更大收益。華納音樂集團CEO Robert Kyncl曾表示:「我們不會簡單粗暴地拒絕阻止AI。」在推動音樂版權的法律界定和保護措施的同時,積極利用AI,一方面協助專業音樂人以更低成本、更快速度創作音樂,比如運用AI將播客(Podcasts)內容轉換成不同語言,讓不同國度的聽眾一飽耳福,甚至利用機器學習模型將披頭四主唱John Lennon在1973年留下的一首模糊音樂demo提取出來,不僅在50年後的今天「復活」了這首Now and Then,還讓披頭四的經典歌曲重新火了一把;另一方面,也訓練AI模型來精準定位侵權音樂,在必要時提出法律訴訟。更有甚者,使出「蘿蔔加大棒」的策略,一邊抗議AI公司侵權,一邊推進與AI公司合作,利用其版權優勢搶佔市場先機。

兩百年前,一曲《命運交響曲》讓我們感受到雙耳失聰的貝多芬對命運的抗爭;兩百年後的今天,如果貝多芬復活,AI是否可以化為他的耳朵,促發他的靈感,為我們帶來更多傳世佳作?兩百年前,貝多芬用音符吶喊出:「聽!命運在敲門!」兩百年後的今天,希望AI敲開的是人類創造力之門!

本欄逢周三刊登

范亭亭博士
港大經管學院市場學首席講師

Hong Kong's Strategic Position: Insights on Supply Chains and Services2 Dec 2024
AI and Its Environmental Consequences: Can We Turn the Tide on Carbon Emissions?11 Dec 2024
Trending
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Prof. Joseph CHAN
Hong Kong has long been successful in its four pillar industries, comprising trading and logistics, financial services, professional and producer services and tourism. According to the research by the HK government, they contributed close to 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and almost half of the total employment before COVID. However, all these four pillars have encountered the decline in their respective area – resulting from the rapid change in market need & user behavior, regional and global competition, the development in new value-chain and advanced technology, as well as geo-political environment. As a solution, ‘innovation’ has been introduced to address these pain-points of Hong Kong. The question to ask, how should we develop the innovation strategies – instead of coming up ideas for the sake of ‘innovation’? In this article, we will discuss how innovation strategy could be approached from the perspective of poverty alleviation to Web3 industry development – two topics sound not-related, but their common ground might give us the insight on how we could find the development path of Hong Kong.
14 May 2025
Faculty
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Dr. Maurice K.S. TSE
關稅豪賭  只有輸家 國際貨幣基金組織在上月發表的《世界經濟展望》,將全球經濟增長預測從今年 1 月的 3.3% 顯著調低至 2.8%。報告指出,中國和印度將成為推動全球經濟增長的主要動力,預計未來5年貢獻比例分別為 23%和超過15%;而美國因其關稅政策的不確定性,對全球經濟的貢獻率遭下調至 11.3%。
7 May 2025
Faculty
Tingting FAN
About Author
Dr. Tingting FAN

Principal Lecturer

Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement