logo
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
logo
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAA
          • MAcct
          • MCGRM
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSAF
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
港大經管學院
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAA
      • MAcct
      • MCGRM
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSAF
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
Regulations and Taxation of A-share Market Cash Dividends

Regulations and Taxation of A-share Market Cash Dividends

3 Jul 2024
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email

A股分紅派息的監管及稅收

 

繼筆者上周在本欄分析A股上市公司的現金分紅情況與近年的增長趨勢,下文將扼要剖析其中背景,並探討相關的稅務問題。

監管法規與時俱進

鑑於A股上市公司一般進行現金分紅的積極性不高,中國證券監督管理委員會(中國證監會)多年來發布多項規章引導、鼓勵,要求上市公司進行分紅。2001年,《上市公司新股發行管理辦法》指出新發行股票的上市公司須解釋近3年沒有分紅的原因。2004年,《關於加強社會公眾股股東權益保護的若干規定》明確規定上市公司最近3年未進行現金利潤分配者,不得向社會公眾增發新股、發行可轉換公司債券或向原有股東配售股份。這是中國證監會第一次採取強制性規定促使上市公司分紅,目的是切實保障中小投資者的利益。

2006年,《上市公司證券發行管理辦法》首次明確規定企業近3年現金或股票累計分配的利潤應不少於近3年實現的年均可分配利潤的20%。到2008年,《關於修改上市公司現金分紅若干規定的決定》列明須進行現金分紅,並將這一比例提升到30%。

中國證監會在2012年、2013年、2015年、2022年相繼發布了有關現金分紅的措施,強調分紅的規範性,有助於進一步推廣現金分紅。在2013年的《上市公司監管指引第3號──上市公司現金分紅》(下稱「現金分紅指引」)中,首度要求獨立董事就現金分紅出具獨立意見,證券監管機構需重點關注現金分紅的異常情況(如有資金卻不分紅、大額分紅或公司章程並未規定現金分紅)。該指引允許上市公司董事會綜合考慮所處行業特點、發展階段、自身經營模式、盈利水準,以及是否有重大資金支出安排等因素,實施差異化的現金分紅政策:

.發展階段屬成熟期且無重大資金支出安排──進行利潤分配時,現金分紅在本次利潤分配中所佔比例(即現金分紅除以現金分紅和股票股利之和)最低應達到80%;

.發展階段屬成熟期且有重大資金支出安排──現金分紅在本次利潤分配中所佔比例最低應達到40%;

.發展階段屬成長期且有重大資金支出安排──現金分紅在本次利潤分配中所佔比例最低應達到20%;

.發展階段不易區分但有重大資金支出安排──可以按照前項規定處理。

2015年發布的《關於鼓勵上市公司兼併重組、現金分紅及回購股份的通知》中,首次提出鼓勵上市公司實施中期分紅。2022年的現金分紅指引中規定,如公司現金分紅水準較低,發行人及保薦機構應作出合理解釋。

2023年最新修改的現金分紅指引明確規定現金分紅在利潤分配方式中的優先地位,現金分紅的政策須寫入上市公司章程;2013年現金分紅指引中規定的現金分紅在當次利潤分配中所佔比例仍然適用。企業務必按指引披露未分紅原因,除了披露現金分紅低的具體原因以外,還要公開增強投資者回報水準擬採取的改進措施,以此督促財務投資較多但分紅水準偏低的公司提高分紅水準。指引又規定上市公司召開年度股東大會審議年度利潤分配方案時,可審議批准下一年中期現金分紅的條件、比例上限、金額上限等,引導企業形成中期分紅的習慣,提高分紅頻次。另外,該指引不再強制要求獨立董事出具意見,簡化了公司現金分紅的內部流程。

2024年4月發布的《關於加強監管防範風險推動資本市場高品質發展的若干意見》(「國九條」)提出要強化對上市公司現金分紅的監管,對多年未分紅或分紅比例偏低的公司,限制大股東減持、實施特殊處理(special treatment)風險警示。因此,對現金分紅的監管再次升級。

總的來看,中國證監會對A股上市公司現金分紅情況愈發關注、持續加強監管,這種關注和要求在全球的證券監管者中都是罕見的,體現了監管者保護大量個人投資者的利益(截至2024年5月,A股市場有2.2億個人投資者【註】),防止上市公司以上市作為圈錢的手段,可見用心良苦。現金分紅政策成了大多數上市公司必須認真對待的事項。

分紅課稅比率各異

需要指出的是,在徵收現金分紅所得稅時,不同的稅率適用於A股和港股市場的不同投資者以及通過不同投資方式而取得的分紅。對於在內地滬深交易所開設交易賬戶的個人投資者所獲現金分紅,須根據持有股票的時間繳交相應的稅款。若投資者持股期限不超過1個月,須繳20%的稅;持股期限1個月以上至1年,須付10%;持股期限超過1年者,所獲分紅暫時免稅。

投資者通過「港股通」投資在香港上市的股票(H股和非H股)獲得的分紅,須繳20%的所得稅。在香港聯交所開戶的投資者,若透過「滬港通」或「深港通」投資A股股票獲得分紅,須繳交10%所得稅,與投資香港H股獲得分紅的稅率相同。所以,目前對A股和港股市場投資者的分紅徵稅並未做到一視同仁,內地投資者透過「港股通」投資H股的話,須承擔較高的分紅所得稅,這樣一來,原本港股市場因為內地公司發行H股的估值低而獲得的較高稅前股息收益率優勢,將被顯著抵消,以致不利於北向資金流入港股市場。

不同投資者和同一投資者以不同方式投資同一公司的股票而獲派息,因面臨稅務負擔各異,不僅影響投資者對股息收益率的評估,也可能影響部分在A股和港股同時上市的公司的現金分紅政策。

改善稅務政策建議

根據上述的徵稅分析,筆者認為監管部門應該對相關稅收政策進行調整,減少或消除由於境內和境外投資者因開戶地、投資方式不同而產生分紅所得稅的稅務不均等。

在現階段通過中國證監會的監管要求,引導上市公司進行現金分紅,保障投資者的利益,是利大於弊。長期來看,上市公司現金分紅與否及分紅水準的釐定,仍應屬上市公司自主決策範疇,經上市公司股東大會批准即可。在未來合適的時機,監管部門或許可以考慮對於研發費用達到一定比例、年輕又持有現金較少的科創公司予以放寬或豁免現金分紅的要求,以便成長性高的科創公司能夠保留足夠的資金進行研發的投入和資本投資,保持市場競爭力。

註:https://www.news.cn/mrdx/2024-01/25/c_1310761978.htm

 

鄒宏教授
港大經管學院金融學教授

沈子軻先生
港大經管學院碩士生

(本文同時於二零二四年七月三日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

Aging Population Leads to Higher Saving Rates, China's Economy Sees Potential Growth3 Jul 2024
China’s Investment Bankers Join the Communist Party as Morale (and Paychecks) Shrink3 Jul 2024
Trending
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Innovation Strategy Common Ground – from Poverty Alleviation to International Web3 Centre
Prof. Joseph CHAN
Hong Kong has long been successful in its four pillar industries, comprising trading and logistics, financial services, professional and producer services and tourism. According to the research by the HK government, they contributed close to 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and almost half of the total employment before COVID. However, all these four pillars have encountered the decline in their respective area – resulting from the rapid change in market need & user behavior, regional and global competition, the development in new value-chain and advanced technology, as well as geo-political environment. As a solution, ‘innovation’ has been introduced to address these pain-points of Hong Kong. The question to ask, how should we develop the innovation strategies – instead of coming up ideas for the sake of ‘innovation’? In this article, we will discuss how innovation strategy could be approached from the perspective of poverty alleviation to Web3 industry development – two topics sound not-related, but their common ground might give us the insight on how we could find the development path of Hong Kong.
14 May 2025
Faculty
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Gambling with Tariffs: A Losing Proposition for All
Dr. Maurice K.S. TSE
關稅豪賭  只有輸家 國際貨幣基金組織在上月發表的《世界經濟展望》,將全球經濟增長預測從今年 1 月的 3.3% 顯著調低至 2.8%。報告指出,中國和印度將成為推動全球經濟增長的主要動力,預計未來5年貢獻比例分別為 23%和超過15%;而美國因其關稅政策的不確定性,對全球經濟的貢獻率遭下調至 11.3%。
7 May 2025
Faculty
ZOU2_web_2019
About Author
Prof. Hong ZOU

Professor

Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement