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Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
Population Replacement and Narrative Shifts: The Structural Recovery of Hong Kong’s Housing Market

Population Replacement and Narrative Shifts: The Structural Recovery of Hong Kong’s Housing Market

13 May 2026
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人口置換與敘事轉變揭示樓市結構性復甦

香港土地註冊處資料顯示,2025年整體住宅買賣量年增約18%,升勢持續至2026年首兩月;官方售價指數連漲8個月,累積升幅逾10%。市場共識已逐漸從「何時見底」轉向「溫和擴張能走多遠」。

究竟過去幾年的樓市表現,如何演變至此?

從人口流出到供應高峰

2020年後的樓市調整可分為兩個階段。一、2020至2022年:以人口流出與外部衝擊為主導。香港錄得罕見的淨人口流失19萬,其中不乏離港前出售物業的中產階級,導致市場購買力減弱之餘,大量賣盤短期內湧現,價格急促下調。

二、2022至2025年初:從人口帶動的需求收縮轉向供應與去化主導。新冠疫情期間延宕的建築項目陸續完工,私樓落成量於2024年攀升至近20年來高位,一手現樓貨尾在2025年初逼近3萬伙的歷史新高。這一階段受需求恢復滯後的影響,價格持續缺乏反彈動能。

透過行為金融學分析上述兩個階段的樓市調整,可見市場參與者在長時間負面衝擊後所形成的損失記憶,會直接影響其在復甦階段對風險的主觀判斷。

樓市復甦時機所在

2025年市場轉折源於三大主因。一、供應高峰逐步消化。一手現樓貨尾由2025年初約2.8萬伙回落至年底1.84萬伙;私樓落成量亦自2025年起轉入年均約1.5萬伙的相對穩定區間,市場對價格的壓制力量不再呈加速趨勢。

二、利率環境階段性優化。2026年3月中,1至6個月香港銀行同業拆息維持在2.1%至2.6%區間,明顯低於2023至2024年高位。考慮到靜態租金回報率(約2.5%至3.5%)與合理租金增長預期,持有成本與租金收入的差距已大幅收窄,部分屋苑更出現「供平過租」的現象。

三、新來港人才進入置業高峰窗口。自2022年底高端人才通行證(高才通)計劃啟動以來,約有27萬人才及其家屬來港,初期以租賃為主,2025年起開始進入由租轉買周期。他們現金流穩健,對短期利率波動敏感度較低,買樓與否視乎當前租金與按揭供款的比率,無疑為市場帶來一股增量優質購買力。

以上因素不僅擴大總需求規模,更改變了市場參與者的心理與行為基準:本地既有買家仍受過去調整經驗影響,新來港者則以全新視角評估資產價值。

損失厭惡與參照依賴

2020至2025年初的樓市調整期,為本港既有買家構成了多重負面參照點。對2018至2021年高位入市者而言,其後樓價回落,加上月供成本倍增與流動性收緊的雙重壓力,形成深刻的損失記憶。

這種記憶與參照依賴(reference dependence)機制互動,產生動態行為效應。一般人評估資產價值時,傾向參考某個具體心理錨點,如個人歷史買入價、市場共識中的理想樓價。本輪復甦中,即使中原城市領先指數自低位反彈逾10%,對曾經錯失低位或高位踩雷的買家而言,要是樓價仍低於2021年,也可能被解讀為「仍在恢復」而非「已進入新周期」;反之,若接近或高於個人心理錨點,則容易觸發唯恐錯失的衝動。

損失厭惡(loss aversion)一方面延緩高槓桿持有人的減持行動,另一方面也促使觀望者在價格企穩後加快入市。參照依賴則解釋了為何不同屋苑復甦速度不一:錨定於近期低位的中小型新盤更容易吸引首次置業者,而傳統豪宅區的本地買家可能仍以數年前的高位比較,因而呈現較強的觀望慣性。

新人口如何打破心理舊錨點

對大多數本地家庭而言,2021至2022年市場高位仍是重要參照點。反觀新來港人口則無2021至2025年初樓市起跌的包袱。其決策依據多在於租金與供款對比、職業穩定性與家庭規劃需求等可觀察變數,而非基於歷史價格的回溯性錨定。

從行為金融學而言,這相當於市場既有集體參照點遭遇了一次外部重置。當市場出現具異質性參考點的參與者時,總體價格動態往往呈現分化,舊參與者受損失記憶約束,行動滯後;新參與者依據獨立錨點,成為率先評估與成交的先鋒。

市場數據印證了這一行為分化。2025年,內地買家在香港一、二手住宅註冊量達13,906宗,涉及金額1,379億元,宗數與金額同創歷史新高。在新興地區(如啟德),內地買家佔比於部分樓盤超過5成,多為中小戶型新盤。相反,傳統豪宅區與次新二手市場以本地買家佔多,復甦速度較慢。這種「K型」價格與成交分化,反映出不同群體心理賬戶與風險偏好的結構性差異。

敘事力量與未來風險

此外,市場參與者的行為深受宏觀敘事與資訊環境塑造。當主流媒體聚焦「連升8個月」等正面訊息時,市場接收到一致樂觀的信號,就容易引發確認偏見(confirmation bias)。部分買家原本傾向「香港樓價長期仍有上升空間」,價格持續回升進而強化此一信念。至於政府規劃的未來10年42萬單位供應目標、人口淨流入會否持續等議題,則鮮見於日常市場討論。

從量化角度觀察,2026年首季媒體情緒指數與互聯網樓市搜尋量呈現同步上升趨勢,與成交註冊量的時間相關性明顯高於同期利率或宏觀數據變化。若基本面改善與正面敘事疊加,短期價格動能往往被放大;確認偏見不僅加速新參與者的入市步伐,也可能延緩本地買家對供應與人口風險的敏感度。

不得不察的是,結構性變化並非全無風險。以高才通計劃為例,截至2025年底首批簽證到期者的續簽率申請率約為53%;若外部環境或本地條件逆轉,部分專才或選擇離港,重演2020年的人口外流與拋售壓力。屆時,市場反應可能將高度依賴行為框架:投資者是否再度受可得性捷思法(availability heuristic)主導,過度放大個別續簽數據或離港個案的代表性,從而觸發新一輪情緒超調。

基本面與認知的雙重驗證

香港樓市復甦的關鍵,繫於兩大問題:基本面本身發生了何種變化?市場參與者對此有何認知與反應?

當供求改善、新人口置換與政策支持大致同向時,如2025至2026年上半年所見,價格與成交趨勢延續並加速;當認知(如損失記憶淡化)滯後,或敘事與數據脫節,轉折往往已在微觀行為中醞釀。

目前樓市的結構性復甦是基本面修復(供應消化、利率回落、人才流入)與行為調整(損失記憶淡化、心理賬戶重置、敘事強化)共同催化的產物。正面環境提供了上行動能,行為慣性則塑造了路徑與節奏。未來數季,關鍵在於觀察這兩股力量的持續性:人口置換能否延續?敘事是否符合事實?新平衡是否已在數據與認知間悄然形成?有關答案將決定復甦能否持續,還是再度面臨結構性考驗。

林則君教授
港大經管學院金融學學術領域主任

國生煒教授
香港大學建築學院房地產及建設系助理教授

(本文同時於二零二六年五月十三日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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