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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
To build Hong Kong a global runway for right-hand-drive autonomous vehicles

To build Hong Kong a global runway for right-hand-drive autonomous vehicles

28 Jan 2026
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驅動香港成為全球右軚自動車市場的超級跑道

回望過去5年,全球汽車產業經歷了上半場的劇變,期間的競爭主題是「能源定義汽車」,即電池技術與續航里程的競賽。展望未來5年之下半場,其焦點無可爭議將轉向「演算法定義汽車」,即人工智能、大數據與算力驅動的智能駕駛技術。根據摩根士丹利的預測,到2030年,採用部分或全自動駕駛技術的車輛將創造高達 2000 億美元的市場規模。

優勢與局限並存

目前香港市面上普及的新能源汽車絕大多數仍停留在L2級(部分自動化)階段,系統僅提供輔助,駕駛者仍須手不離軚、眼不離路;若出現交通事故,亦必須承擔完全的法律責任。

2025年4月,中國電動車公司小鵬汽車選擇在香港啟德郵輪碼頭舉辦全球品牌發布會,宣布L3級智能駕駛功能的量產時間表。L3即自動駕駛級別第3級(有條件自動化),在特定的設計運行範圍內運作;系統可以完全接管車輛的橫向與縱向控制,並負責目標識別與事件回應。此舉作為邁入高階智能輔助駕駛技術的分水嶺,標誌着香港率先為中國智能駕駛技術接軌全球右軚車市場。

面向智能駕駛的下半場,香港正好發揮其獨特的「雙重性」:城內擁有全球路況最複雜、交通密度最高、人車博弈最激烈的道路網絡。依山而建的狹窄蜿蜒道路,構成了檢驗智能駕駛演算法穩健性的絕佳場景。另一方面,儘管特區政府早在 2017 年便公布了《香港智慧城市藍圖》,但當下香港街頭依然由傳統燃油車和輔助功能受限的電動車主導。不同於內地以產業換市場、以補貼促技術的積極模式,香港長期遵循安全至上、主要依靠市場力量的政策邏輯。這種完善的監管環境,結合香港作為中國唯一實行右軚駕駛的地區,構成連接中國技術與全球右軚市場的顯著優勢。

釋放本地智駕潛能

借鑑人工智能產業的增長元素,可將智能駕駛在香港的發展壁壘拆解為以下公式:

智能化 = 算力 × 數據 × 算法

根據中國汽車工業協會及公安部的資料,截至2024年底,中國新能源汽車滲透率已突破40%,一線城市如深圳更遠超此數。而在智能駕駛功能的使用率上,內地領先智能車品牌的用戶高速導航輔助駕駛(Navigate on Autopilot;簡稱NOA)滲透率已超過50%。相比之下,香港目前輔助駕駛的典型體驗僅限於巡航控制、車道保持等功能。智能駕駛沙盒測試的範圍相對局限,極其缺乏本地資料訓練閉環,並且依賴雲端算力。

另一方面,香港雖然在算力硬體(如超算中心)上起步較晚,但擁有極具價值的「異質性」與「高熵值」數據。破局的關鍵在於將道路場景視為一種戰略資源。通過有序引導車企進行數據採集,建立高質量的交通場景數據集,授權給合規車企進行訓練。誰擁有更多高質量的香港駕駛數據,誰就能在右軚市場的演算法競爭中佔據主導地位。如何在確保資料脫敏的前提下,建立一個閉環的科研與訓練專用資料通道,允許智能駕駛資料在兩地合規流通,也許就是驅動右軚試驗的重要引擎。

特斯拉的智能輔助駕駛(Full Self-Driving;簡稱FSD)是目前全球公認的量產智能駕駛標杆。通過影子模式,特斯拉車輛在後台運行FSD演算法,與人類駕駛員的操作進行比對。假使演算法判斷該左轉而人類卻直行,這個差異資料就會被上傳,用於修正模型。FSD在內地針對「加塞」、電動自行車橫穿、施工路段進行了海量針對性訓練,因此具備聚焦於內地駕駛習慣的風格演算法。

即便如此,FSD在本港遲遲未能部署全自動駕駛功能,技術上的重要原因包括缺乏對應的算法訓練和針對右軚形式習慣演算法。對於依賴神經網路的端到端模型而言,簡單的圖像鏡像翻轉並不能解決左右軚的差異,因為人類司機的觀察習慣、盲區分布、讓行規則(如環島順時針)完全不同。此外,演算法的當地語系化還涉及對港式駕駛的理解。演算法需要學習香港司機的潛規則,例如在紅隧入口的拉鍊式匯入,這需要極強的博弈演算法支援,而非簡單的規則遵守。

化被動為主動的契機

中國新能源汽車正在大舉進軍海外,特別是右軚市場(英國、澳洲、日本、泰國、印尼等)。目前,內地所有測試場和研發中心幾乎全是左軚環境。比亞迪、小鵬等智駕車企要出海右軚市場,面臨巨大的研發適配成本。如果在內地建設模擬右軚測試場,成本高且無法模擬真實的城市複雜路況。

香港是目前中國管轄範圍內,唯一具備極度複雜城市路況、法治環境完善,以及右軚駕駛的城市;不應只是消費市場,而更應成為中國智駕出海的右軚研發中心與起飛跑道。通過積極開放資料和測試環境,香港有望持續吸引頭部車企以及領先的智駕科企(如,百度Apollo)落戶設立智能駕駛研發部。這不僅帶來高薪科技就業,更能讓香港在全球汽車產業鏈中,從終端變為中樞。

智能駕駛的未來已臨近;在遙遠的矽谷、寬闊的深南大道以外,理應呈現在中環的繁忙、旺角的喧囂和新界的廣闊之中。香港擁有右軚試驗場的戰略定位,在智能駕駛的下半場正蓄勢待發,可從旁觀者的角色升級為領航員。這不僅是技術的勝利,更是香港城市精神的再一次進化。

萬智璽 教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學學術領域主任

(本文同時於二零二六年一月二十八日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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