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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
The Talent in Need is the Talent Indeed

The Talent in Need is the Talent Indeed

12 Jul 2023
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高才通未必通高才 香港幫方能幫香港

香港正鬧人才荒已經是不爭的事實。根據大型求職網站JobsDB最新發布的《2023年招聘、薪酬及福利調查報告》,有68%受訪企業表示招聘困難,而60%僱主指出填補職位不易,因為「難以招聘合適人才」。特區政府也不再猶抱琵琶半遮面,坦言人才缺口不容忽視。

為了應對這一困境,特區政府從去年10月開始,陸續出台一系列搶人才措施,鼓勵人才流入從而填補本港的人才缺口。

其中最為矚目的是「高端人才通行證計劃」(簡稱「高才通」計劃),目標是年薪高於250萬港元的高財階層和畢業於全球百強大學的高才人士。近日,官員更提出要進一步降低計劃的門檻,積極延攬專業人才來港。凡此種種,雖然充分展示了特區政府求賢若渴的決心,但能否有效地解決人才荒,仍然有待商榷。

高才通計劃虛易實難

迄今為止,香港已經吸引了3.2萬名精英,馬上就超過去年《施政報告》所訂3.5萬人的目標,而且更多申請人不斷湧現。不過,在現有計劃之中,絕大多數申請人都來自內地,來港目的亦五花八門,並非全然與當局招攬人才的目標吻合。

根據媒體報道和社交平台消息,有內地人把「高才通」當作赴港的旅遊簽證,甚至有人藉此前來生育。據說,在內地社交平台小紅書上,流傳諸多如何利用「高才通」的攻略。在與香港關係密切的內地城市,不乏有人把申請「高才通」獲批視作身份的象徵。筆者相信,這些「旁門左道」只是少數人所為,而眾多「高才通」獲批者面臨的共同問題是:我來香港做什麼?

在北京從事法律顧問工作的陳先生,從申請「高才通」計劃到拿到香港身份證僅僅花了3個月時間。欣喜之餘,他卻坦率地告訴筆者,在香港很難找到適合他發展的機會。在上海一家高科技企業擔任高管的姜先生,獲批之後到來考察,認為香港的營商環境對內地人來說太陌生,表示近期不會來港發展。在廣州工作的一批高薪人士,集體申請了「高才通」,但除了南來吃過幾頓飯之外,不知有何作為。

這些內地的高財、高才一族,之所以樂意參與,很大程度是受本港「一國兩制」所吸引,期望特區能夠提供內地所缺乏的發展機會。可惜絕大部分人對香港能夠提供什麼商機並不清晰。換言之,「高才通」計劃雖然有助於增強香港在內地的影響力,但內地人才來而不居,居而不留,對本地經濟發展貢獻甚微。筆者建議,特區政府應當為獲批精英提供細緻貼心的「售後服務」,認真了解他們的需求,並切實提供資源,從而綁定他們跟香港的聯繫。

專才流動有賴市場調節

在當局諸多搶人才的舉措當中,吸納特殊領域的專才最為緊迫,尤其是醫療領域。根據醫院管理局數據,過去1年醫生流失率約為8%,護士的流失率則超過10%。於是,香港撤除認可醫學資格的壁壘,向內地的頂尖醫學院拋出橄欖枝,以解決醫護人員不足的難題。特區政府近來準備放寬「高才通」計劃的門檻,也是意圖打破「全球百強大學畢業生」這個僵化條件的限制,而向本港短缺的專業人才傾斜。這是務實之舉,可圈可點。

然而,政府的主要動機在於填補就業市場流失的勞動力,從而保證整體經濟能夠像原來一樣運作。這種做法固然無可厚非,但缺乏前瞻性,最終只能起到拾遺補漏的作用。以筆者之見,吸引專才應當跟產業轉型相結合,亦即勞動力市場和產品市場必須互動。比如說,在重點發展醫療產業方面,若只精準地招攬少數特殊人才,而不開放醫療產業對外招商引資,這樣人才配套不起來,將會影響產業發展。相反,如果開放醫療產業,人才自會紛至沓來,促進產業的集群效應(clustering effect)。

在吸納專才上,特區政府應當把主動權交給企業,畢竟企業才是最後的買單人。政府應推的政策,一是為企業招攬人才大開綠燈,二是為企業打通招人渠道。對於前者,當局向來重視,也與「高才通」等措施一脈相承,毋庸多言。後者則是領導班子面對的一份新作業。誠然,政府不可能也不應該是企業的人力資源部,但不可不察的是,內地對香港的總體經濟以及個體企業認知甚少,而本地企業對內地的人才市場也缺乏了解,所以需要特區政府搭橋牽線。最近,本港官員頻繁出訪內地城市,人才互補應當成為雙方合作的一大議題。

培育本地人才方是長遠之計

香港出現的人才荒不是短期問題,而是人口結構和勞動力市場造成的長期結果。特區人口從2019年的751萬下降到2022年的735萬,同期15至64歲的勞動人口減少約28萬人。在高質量勞動力方面,大學畢業生人數呈下滑趨勢,由2018年的1.7萬人跌至目前的1.5萬人。這樣一來,勞動力市場承受外部衝擊的能力不足。新冠疫情期間,由於大量勞動人口流出,而新投入職場的畢業生卻未能填補市場上的空缺,許多企業立馬陷入青黃不接的窘況。

因此,勞動力市場的人才流失問題必須尋找長遠解決方案。筆者以為,其中最關鍵的就是大力提高教育水平,不遺餘力地培育本土人才。與外來的人才不一樣,本地人才生於斯長於斯,不存在來而不居、居而不留的弊病,個人的發展天然地與香港的社會經濟發展相融合。這也是筆者所言的「香港幫方能幫香港」;「香港幫」指的是願意扎根香港,與香港同進共退的愛港之人,而不是狹義的本土派。

在培養本地人才一環,特區政府大有可為。香港從二十世紀八十年代的勞動密集型經濟轉向當前的資本密集和知識型經濟,港人也從多生轉向少生優育,逐漸在數量和質量之間選擇更注重品質和對下一代的精心培養,因而一度出現教育繁榮、人才濟濟的盛況。

但是隨着經濟結構日趨單一、社會貧富差距擴大、新一代向上流動的空間縮窄,加上近年優質生源和教育資源有所流失,中小學教育質量有所下降,以致高等教育的優良資源反而未能供港人高效使用。如何盡快扭轉這一局面,應是特區政府教育工作的重中之重。

 

吳延暉博士
港大經管學院副教授(經濟學、管理及商業策略)

梁心怡小姐
港大經管學院準博士生

(本文同時於二零二三年七月十二日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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