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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
The Rise of AI-Powered Fraud: Rebuilding Trust in the Digital Age

The Rise of AI-Powered Fraud: Rebuilding Trust in the Digital Age

26 Aug 2026
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AI詐騙時代如何重塑數碼信任

生成式人工智能(AI)迅速普及,正在同時改變詐騙犯罪的手法與防騙工作的模式。騙徒如今能以更低成本、更快速度製作極為逼真的虛假內容,假冒親友上司、投資專家甚至政府機構,誘使目標對象轉帳、披露敏感資料或批准高風險交易。

過往建立於聲音、影像或單一身份驗證基礎的信任機制,正備受前所未有的挑戰。作為高度數碼化及國際化的金融中心,香港亦難以避免AI詐騙風險急升所造成的衝擊。

AI詐騙   來勢洶洶

根據香港警務處公布的2024年罪案數字,詐騙案涉及金額約92億元,為數44,480宗,佔整體罪案約47%,其中約62%屬網上詐騙。近年詐騙案持續高企,是推高全港罪案數字的主因。同年亦錄得接近34萬宗科技罪案。顯而易見,AI驅動的網絡攻擊及詐騙活動將成為未來的重要風險來源。

生成式AI能快速製作圖文、影音,以及自動化互動內容,其中語音模仿(voice cloning)技術能仿造特定人士的聲音,而深度偽造(deepfake)則可合成人物的面部表情、聲線,結合起來,就能冒充名人或目標對象的親友。部分深偽軟件甚至在地下市場低價販售,詐騙活動的規模效應也因此擴大。

為非作假   防不勝防

2024年初,香港發生一宗涉款約2億元的深偽視像會議詐騙案,引起國際廣泛關注。據報,一名財務職員先收到看似公司財務總監的電郵,其後被邀參與網上會議,其中多名與公司高層及同事外貌極為相似的人士出席,令該名員工誤信指示屬真實授權,最終完成巨額轉帳。

該事件充分反映,在深偽技術的衝擊下,「親眼所見、親耳所聞」已不再足以作為身份認證的可靠依據。有關損失並不因企業系統遭黑客入侵,而是騙徒利用深偽技術加強傳統社交工程攻擊,成功突破目標對象的信任防線。

事實上,騙徒不難從社交媒體短片或公開活動錄像取得聲音樣本,透過AI生成幾可亂真的聲音內容。有家長就曾接到模仿子女聲音的求助電話,對方藉口遭遇意外而要求立即匯款,家人在情緒波動下往往來不及查證真偽,只好照辦。

踏入AI時代,詐騙已逐步滲透至投資決策、企業管理及金融活動等關鍵領域。新一代高危詐騙場景更包括電子商務和求職平台。在電子商務方面,不法之徒利用生成式AI快速建立仿冒網站、利用社交媒體廣告吸引流量,消費者誤以為可信,在付款後才發現貨不對辦,其信用卡資料甚至被盜用。至於求職方面,騙徒會假扮知名企業招聘,使用AI模擬初步面試,進一步要求應徵者預繳培訓費用,或提供銀行帳戶以作所謂「薪資測試」。

金融業的AI攻防戰

隨着轉數快等即時支付工具日益普及,資金轉移速度大幅提升之餘,亦收窄了金融機構識別和攔截可疑交易的時間窗口。近年擬真度高的合成身份詐騙手法,導致傳統身份驗證機制面臨前所未有的挑戰。Deloitte金融服務研究中心預測,在生成式AI推動下,美國因欺詐活動造成的損失可能由2023年的123億美元,上升至2027年的400億美元。

除了直接財務損失外,支付欺詐亦帶來調查成本、客戶補償責任、監管壓力及品牌聲譽受損等連鎖影響。對商戶而言,大量偽冒交易、退單與身份盜用事件更可能削弱消費者對數碼支付系統的信心。因此,金融機構必須在提高支付效率與確保交易安全之間謀求平衡。

以子之矛 攻子之盾

有鑑於生成式AI日益被應用於詐騙活動的自動化、精準化和跨境擴散,金融業亦致力引入AI技術以升級其防詐能力,例如分析大量交易數據、登入紀錄、地理位置及用戶行為模式,從中識別異常活動。當有關資料與用戶日常習慣明顯不符,系統能即時提高風險評級,要求額外驗證或暫停交易。

2025年,Mastercard與《金融時報》旗下Longitude的全球調查,將防詐表現較佳的機構歸類為「領先群組」(leaders),約佔受訪樣本的17%。這類機構在即時交易監測、跨渠道詐騙偵測、預測模型等範疇持續取得投資回報。

不可不察的是,要AI模型發揮防騙功能,必須依賴數據品質、持續監察及完善治理機制。機構亦需確保個人資料保障、保留人工覆核渠道,以及實施有效的申訴和補救機制。

多重防線  杜絕詐騙

由AI驅動的詐騙活動層出不窮,單靠科技不足以保障安全。當深度偽造、語音模仿、資料分析與社交工程手法互相結合,詐騙已由簡單的資訊欺騙演變為精準操控人類情緒與決策的系統性風險。因此,應對之策不能只依賴個人警覺,而必須為涵蓋科技、制度、教育與跨機構合作的綜合工程。

從市民角度出發,凡涉及金錢轉移、個人資料、登入憑證或機密文件的要求,即使來自熟悉聲音或逼真影像,也應透過其他可信渠道加以核實。「先查證、後行動」的習慣,無疑是不可或缺的數碼生存技能。

對企業而言,則必須把付款審批、多重身份驗證及員工培訓制度化,避免單靠個別員工的經驗與警覺管理風險。平台營運商應加強偵測及移除偽冒帳戶、詐騙廣告和AI生成內容,而金融機構則須持續整合帳戶安全、身份驗證、交易監控與客戶教育。

最後,政府、教育機構及社區組織應積極推動數碼素養教育,協助長者、學生、求職者及中小企了解AI詐騙的運作模式和常見警號。

歸根究柢,應用AI進行詐騙的癥結,在於信任機制失靈。過去人們習慣透過聲音、影像、文件及身份標誌判斷真偽,但當這些訊號都可透過低成本方式複製和生成,傳統上「耳聞目睹才算真」的驗證模式便不再可靠。未來防詐工作必須聚焦於建構新型信任框架。唯有制度化驗證、多層防護和持續教育,才能全面築起保衛數碼信任與金融安全的保護屏障。

謝國生教授
港大經管學院金融學教學副教授、新界鄉議局當然執行委員

何敏淙先生
香港大學附屬學院經濟及商學學部助理學部主任、香港大學附屬學院講師

(本文同時於二零二六年八月二十六日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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