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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Hong Kong crisis in the shroud of COVID-19

Hong Kong crisis in the shroud of COVID-19

26 Feb 2020
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COVID-19陰霾下的香港危機

「2019冠狀病毒病」(COVID-19)自去年12月在武漢爆發以來,迅速擴散至世界各地,至今全球病例總數超過78000宗,死亡個案達2400多人。

2003年沙士一役,香港無論在偵測病毒的技術、治療方法、確診病人的隔離措施,以至市民大眾的個人衞生及防疫安全意識,以及政府從中所汲取的危機管理經驗,均堪稱臻於世界先進水平。本地醫護人員的專業甚至犧牲精神,更在國際上備受推崇。但在今次疫症蔓延之初,澳門迅即落實一系列防禦措施,香港當局卻仍未啟動危機管理機制,表現進退失據。農曆新年過後,疫情來勢洶洶,市民深知不妙,仍未見政府有何實質行動,表現有如第三世界國家。

心理上的物資荒

由於缺乏疫情資訊,加上網上廣泛流傳物資短缺的謠言,以致市民恐慌,爭相搶購即食麵和大米,儘管米商及政府多次澄清米糧供應未受影響,然而搶購情況並無改善。筆者本月初某日黃昏,在金鐘某大型超市目睹一眾顧客(包括衣着斯文的上班族)爆買廁紙,不消10分鐘,貨架已一掃而空。一般藥房、超市出售的消毒酒精、口罩、漂白水等,每日清早就已沽清。全港口罩更極度缺貨,肯出高價也未必買到,由於這現象舉世皆然,特區政府宣布全球搜購失敗,坊間紛紛出現洗口罩、燙口罩等怪招,但求延長口罩壽命。有商界高層於社交媒體上打趣地問:「親戚嫁女做人情,兩卷廁紙加10個口罩,會不會過分奢侈?」

政府就落實「封關」措施遲而未決,導致本月初數千名醫護人員採取罷工行動,並要求有關當局解決口罩及防護裝備嚴重短缺的問題;社會上更出現互相攻擊的爭論,例如醫院管理局的口罩是否被醫護私吞而造成短缺?警方的防疫裝備是否比前線醫護為佳?相較17年前社會攜手同心抗沙士的表現,實在令人感嘆。

是非難辨衍生混亂

本來佩戴口罩是防疫的一大方法,但特首林鄭月娥早前與一眾局長出席記者會時不戴口罩,更表示按世界衞生組織(世衞)的指引,若身體健康而沒有相關病徵,可毋須佩戴口罩。香港醫學組織聯會亦召開記者會,引述世衞標準,作出同樣呼籲,着市民切勿過分恐慌。

但另一邊廂,香港大學袁國勇教授和何栢良博士,以及多個醫學團體(包括香港感染及傳染病醫學會),均同一口徑建議,不論是否出現COVID-19病徵,在人多擠迫地方或公眾場所,也應戴上口罩。何栢良指出,香港已有本地傳播個案,若非市民遵行戴口罩的指引,疫情恐怕更為嚴峻。

抗疫防疫訊息互相矛盾,令人無所適從之餘,更突顯特區政府領導無方。近日香港中文大學醫學院發表「2019新型冠狀病毒社區研究」結果,1月24日至2月5日期間,通過網上問卷調查訪問了1168名市民,89.4%受訪者由官方或非官方網頁獲得有關疫症資訊,但只有16.2%受訪者認為政府官方網站資訊可靠【註1】。可以想像,若市民單靠非官方途徑獲取資訊,並且不斷轉發道聽途說的非權威資料,難免因以偏概全而陷入集體恐慌,於是引發搶購潮。

2月20日,中央人民政府駐香港特別行政區聯絡辦公室(中聯辦)主任駱惠寧表示:「這是一個要冷靜理性、不要製造恐慌的時刻。謠言和恐慌,會讓疫情火上加油。」有關部門正竭盡全力,以穩定香港市場供應,「糧油米麵、鮮肉果菜乃至消毒液、紙巾等,會繼續源源不斷運來。」【註2】

此外,社交媒體大量流傳似是而非、似非而是的疫情資訊,市民大眾難辨真偽,在缺乏官方清晰指引的情況下,更容易誤信虛假消息,筆者近日就曾收到以下一則消息:「振興主任告知這次的武漢病毒並不耐熱,在溫度26-27度的環境下就會被殺死。所以要多飲用熱水。可以轉告親朋好友們多喝熱水預防。」事實上,新加坡過去兩個月平均溫度高於香港,何以當地COVID-19確診人數比香港還要多?

社會分裂遺害無窮

隨着確診個案在香港趨增,政府早前宣布COVID-19檢疫中心和指定診所選址,附近居民以遊行、聯署等方式抗議選址過於接近民居。雖然有呼吸系統科專家解釋,指定診所有助快速診斷個案,可減社區傳播風險,可惜現時政府嚴重欠缺公信力,加上事前缺乏諮詢,更添施政障礙。

人力資源顧問機構ECA International最新一份調查報告顯示,香港在東亞地區外派僱員宜居城市排名中,急跌52位至第93位,而新加坡則連續兩年高踞榜首。若論優良基建和便利設施,香港毫不遜色,但房屋及空氣質素等則瞠乎其後。該機構亞洲區域總監關禮廉表示,香港的排名跌幅為前所未見,社會和政治紛爭不單令居港外籍人士感到憂慮,去年年中反修例運動展開之後,交通設施屢遭破壞,暴力犯罪率上升等,也令外派僱員的日常生活受負面影響。特區政府今次若未能妥善領導抗疫,恐怕國際排名會繼續下滑,以致外資公司紛紛遷移,進一步動搖香港作為國際金融中心的地位。

面對COVID-19蔓延不止,政府必須具備處理危機機制和先知先覺的反應能力。以去年社會運動為例,市民常收到警方的手機短訊,避免進入可能存在危險的地區,反而今次疫情嚴重,卻未接獲政府的任何防疫指引。本地不乏醫療界精英,其中不少從戰勝沙士一役中累積扎實的抗疫經驗,而成為陣容鼎盛的專家班子,政府言論卻與他們的意見時有相左。正如世衞總幹事譚德塞日前在日內瓦指出,疫情可向任何方向發展,目前仍然可以控制疫情,但「機會窗口」正在縮窄【註3】,特區政府必須表現決策能力,在政策統籌方面急市民之所急,以保護公眾健康為首要任務,與不同界別保持有效溝通,相信有助於減輕社區恐慌,挽回廣大市民對有關當局的信心。

 

【註1】:《中大研究:九成人自覺會染疫 16%信政府資訊可靠 醫生:認知落差 集體恐慌》,明報,2020年2月19日
【註2】: 《駱惠寧主任致港區全國人大代表、政協委員的信》,2020年2月20日
【註3】: WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19, 21 February 2020

 

謝國生博士
香港大學經濟及工商管理學院金融學首席講師、新界鄉議局當然執行委員

(本文同時於二零二零年二月二十六日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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