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Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
Cinema Seats vs. Home Couches: How Can Hong Kong Cinemas Win the Battle

Cinema Seats vs. Home Couches: How Can Hong Kong Cinemas Win the Battle

22 Jan 2025
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院線大戰客廳沙發:香港戲院如何扳回一局

從新冠肺炎疫情至今,香港電影院經歷了一波關門大潮。截至2024年4月30日,累計16間戲院結業,其中包括UA連鎖影院在2021年3月全線結業。【註1】這波關門大潮似乎還遠未結束,上月12日MCL Cinema Plus+荷里活廣場戲院宣布結業,而以播放小眾電影知名的高先電影院,也傳出將於租約期滿後結束營業。【註2】

電影院紛紛倒閉並非香港的獨有現象,在作為電影大國的美國,同樣難逃厄運。根據英國一家研究機構統計,目前美國的影院銀幕總數為36,400,比2019年減少12%。世界最大的影院公司AMC娛樂,從2019年開始就陸續關閉了169家影院,雖然疫情之後又增加了60家,但是規模遠比疫情前要小。至於全球第二大連鎖影院巨頭Cineworld,也關閉了接近15%的影院。

影院頭號勁敵

衝着戲院而來的最大對手,無疑是Netflix、Disney+等串流媒體。比起動輒花上百元購買1張門票,同樣是大概100元的串流服務月費,卻可換來豐富的電影、電視節目選擇,對於消費者來說自然更加划算。加上用戶可以舒舒服服地躺在自家沙發上,隨時隨意暫停播放或重播,不難理解為什麼愈來愈多人選擇串流服務來看電影。

無庸置疑,新冠肺炎來襲令影院市道雪上加霜。疫情期間本港戲院共停業267日,市民被迫呆在家中,通過串流媒體觀看電影電視。3年多下來,消費習慣逐漸改變。據《華爾街日報》報導,疫情前有60%的美國消費者認為,看電影應去戲院,疫後降至只有35%;同期選擇在家看電影的美國人,則由40%增至65%。【註3】

作為影院的合作方,電影製作公司亦轉投串流媒體的懷抱。荷里活各大電影製作公司為了既在院線大銀幕上賺足戲票,又想在串流媒體上分一杯羹,通常會在新電影發行的首90天,授予電影院獨家放映權。【註4】消費者如果迫不及待先睹為快,就只能花錢進戲院。等到這個影院獨家檔期過去了,串流媒體才可加以播放。

在串流媒體盛行的今天,獨家檔期對於影院的重要性也就不言而喻。然而疫情令所有影院停運,電影製作公司只好將影片直接在串流媒體上發行。儘管獨家檔期在疫後恢復,但大幅減半至只有45天。盈利窗口大大縮短之際,經營成本又告上升,經營影院生意可謂舉步維艱。

力挽狂瀾之道

影院能否贏過客廳沙發?雖然串流媒體優勢明顯,影院卻可提供無法取代的觀影體驗。如何放大這一強項,是影院能否打贏家中沙發的核心關鍵。比方說,影院的超大銀幕和震撼音效能讓觀影體驗全面升級。在影院總體經營困難的情況下,大銀幕IMAX加杜比音效卻逆勢增長。2023年IMAX的年收益上漲25%,達到2億1400萬美元,其全球(除中國內地)票房收入的市場份額也從2019年的1.7%升至2.1%。【註5】為了強化這一優勢,美國德克薩斯州具百年歷史的連鎖電影院B&B,甚至安裝了一塊寬7層樓、高4層樓的超大銀幕以及一塊270度的環形銀幕,讓觀眾完全沉浸在電影特效之中。

即便是座椅,也有不少影院想勝過家裡的沙發。為了提高觀影體驗,一些影院不惜重金設置可調整溫度和傾斜度的座椅,甚至有服務員端上餐飲,觀眾們一享眼福之餘,還能一飽口福。阿聯酋的連鎖影院Vox更提供和牛豪華大餐,讓看電影變成奢華享受。另有創新者,如在亞洲擁有連鎖影院的韓國公司CGV,不僅在電影放映中為觀眾帶來風雨以及氣味的4D體驗,還在放映前提供音樂、遊戲、餐飲一條龍服務,把觀影塑造成獨特文化體驗。

影院與客廳沙發能否握手言和

電影分類眾多,一個很簡單的標準就是片長。《經濟學人》分析了從荷里活的黃金年代1930年至今10萬多部在全球放映的電影,發現平均片長的增幅為32%,從1930年代平均1小時21分鐘增至2022年的1小時47分鐘。這種趨勢在熱賣的電影中尤其顯著;2022年IMDB網站的評分排名中,十大電影平均片長為2個半小時,足足比1930年代的十大電影長了50%。【註6】

對於觀眾來說,這樣的長片很難集中精力盯着家中的小熒幕一口氣看完,而斷斷續續地看又讓觀影體驗大打折扣。反之,影院的大銀幕配合好音效,若再提供附加服務,就足以吸引消費者步出家門,走進影院,好好享受電影時光。電影製作公司的這種加時策略,在2019年漫威電影《復仇者聯盟:終局之戰》中取得豐厚回報。這部長達3小時的超級英雄電影成為2019年票房冠軍。近期北美電影票房排行榜就有不少這類長片,其中包括長達3小時的2024年奧斯卡最佳影片《奧本海默》。

這意味著電影院和串流媒體可以針對不同影片細分市場:影院專門放映長片或大製作,串流媒體則主攻其他類型的作品;各有側重,和氣收場。

影院應為跳出舒適圈另謀對策

上電影院和在家看戲還有一個很大的不同,就是在影院內和朋友或陌生人坐在一起,這就使得影院有可能成為社交娛樂的場所。影院不妨跳出電影的局限,另闢蹊徑。比如AMC影院正在考慮直播美國欖球聯賽;美國連鎖電影院B&B不僅貼心地為小朋友提供遊樂場地,還為大人提供保齡球、攀岩、匹克球、酒吧以及舉辦私人宴會的場所。其他影院為了鼓勵單身男女入場,甚至在放映前的等待時間組織配對約會活動,讓害怕一個人看電影的年輕人多了一個走進影院的理由。

電影院PK客廳沙發的大戰尚未結束。戲院如果不想舉手投降,只能變陣迎戰,由「觀影場所」打造成「升級體驗的休閒社交場所」,方能有望在這場沒有硝煙的戰役中收復失地。

 

註1:https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/1015167/%E6%88%B2%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%90%E6%A5%AD-%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A16%E9%96%93%E5%80%92%E9%96%89-ua%E5%85%A8%E7%B7%9A%E8%90%BD%E5%B9%95-%E5%8C%97%E4%B8%8A%E6%BD%AE%E6%AF%94%E9%98%B2%E7%96%AB%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E6%9B%B4%E5%85%87

註2:https://www.hk01.com/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1/1084551/%E9%AB%98%E5%85%88%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E9%99%A2%E7%AA%81%E5%82%B3%E6%BB%BF%E7%B4%84%E5%BE%8C%E7%B5%90%E6%A5%AD-%E6%9C%89%E8%82%A1%E6%9D%B1%E6%9B%BE%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA-%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F%E5%94%94%E4%BF%82%E4%B8%8D%E5%A5%BD-%E8%80%8C%E4%BF%82%E5%B7%AE

註3:“How going to the movies is changing, in charts,” The Wall Street Journal, August 6, 2024.

註4:“Movie-theater industry pain intensifies even as pandemic eases,” The Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2023.

註5:“Cinemas may be dying. But IMAX and the high end are thriving,” The Economist, February 28, 2024.

註6:“Why films have become so ridiculously long,” The Economist, October 14, 2023.

范亭亭
港大經管學院市場學首席講師

(本文同時於二零二五年一月二十二日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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