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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column

Anti-extradition Bill – The Way Forward and Long Term Strategy

27 Jun 2019
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反修例進退之道與長久之計

政府早前提出修訂《逃犯條例》,聲稱目的在於把香港陳姓殺人疑犯移交台灣,說法未免可疑。顯而易見,安排一次性移交疑犯,遠比修改法例容易,政府卻選擇了一個捨近圖遠、事倍功半的處理手法。打個比方,有人患了重病必須醫治,卻不去求醫,反而去重考香港中學文憑(HKDSE),希望進入醫學院,畢業後才把所學醫術為自己治病。如此行為是否難以理解?

反對修例的癥結

香港人反對修訂有關條例,關鍵原因是國內的法治薄弱,中國政府就有不少前科,透過法律手段打擊異見者。這不是信心的問題,而是客觀的事實。政府認為今次市民反對那麼強烈,無非是宣傳和諮詢不足。筆者不以為然,因為即使有更多宣傳和諮詢,只會加深市民對中國法制黑暗面的認識;政府可能早就察覺這點,希望快刀斬亂麻。

基本法委員會成員陳弘毅教授建議「港人港審」,這個方案能大大減少香港人的顧慮;可惜未獲有關方面接受,而陳教授亦沒有堅持下去。

香港作為國際大都會、世界知名的國際金融中心,歡迎各國的公司和投資者來做生意,自然也視他們為本地持份者。然而,要是《逃犯條例》一經修訂,外國人基於也有可能被遣返內地,產生憂慮實屬合理。今年年初,中國政府因孟晚舟被加拿大政府拘捕,以牙還牙,隨即拘捕兩名加拿大國民,這就足以說明外國人的憂慮是有充分根據的。

筆者擔心,若修訂《逃犯條例》強行通過的話,恐怕香港作為具備獨立司法制度的自由經濟體所享的國際地位,就難以取得西方社會持續承認。這對香港固然是個毀滅性的災難,對中國內地也一點好處都沒有。

以上分析點出筆者反對修訂《逃犯條例》的原因。

見好就收的智慧

6月9日,民陣發起反修例遊行,稱有100萬人參加;6月12日,金鐘立法會大樓外警民衝突過後,政府隨即在6月15日宣布暫緩修例。6月16日的遊行,民陣稱參加者多達200萬,進一步震驚全世界;特區政府官員和特首林鄭月娥先後作出道歉。

到目前為止,反對運動有以下三方面的成果:第一,暫緩修例;第二,特首和政府官員先後為修例工作做得不好而致歉;第三,警務處處長盧偉聰已作澄清,6月12日的示威行動不是一場暴動。

雖然暫緩修例不完全等於撤回草案,但事實上分別已經不大,至少看來不像是政府緩兵之計。至於要求林鄭下台一事,筆者覺得換人只是早晚的事,而林鄭已受重創,留任亦不會有什麼殺傷力。盧偉聰的澄清,亦讓6月12日示威者不會因為參與行動而入罪,應可釋然。對於上述3項成果,筆者覺得滿意、可以接受,示威者並無必要採取破壞社會秩序的手段窮追猛打,要求林鄭下台和收回條例修訂。

至於另外兩個要求,一是成立獨立委員會調查6月12日示威所引起的衝突;二是釋放當日被捕的示威者。對於前者,筆者相信有助於平息民怨,亦可消除對警察不合理的指摘,是個合理的主張。對於後者,筆者卻有不同看法;與其提出無條件釋放被捕者,倒不如為他們提供法律援助,並要求有關當局保證他們應有的權利。

理性行事的責任

個別參與示威者襲擊警察或者使用暴力,因而受到調查、被捕以至遭檢控,筆者覺得這並沒有什麼問題。不管出發點如何崇高,個人必須為自身行為承擔責任。

筆者憶及前任香港大學校長馬斐森(Peter Mathieson)教授的一段話。2014年他剛上任,與我們學院的一眾同事見面,筆者問他如何看待即將出現的佔中事件,校內師生若參與其中而被捕,應該如何應對等等。馬教授以他在英國一所大學任教時一事回應:在一次抗議事件中,一個學生在盛怒之下,從二樓把滅火筒扔向地下的群眾,造成有人身受重傷,這個學生事後被判入獄。示威者不管出發點如何崇高,必須對自己的行為負責,不可傷害他人,筆者對此十分同意。

要求與林鄭或盧偉聰對話,本屬無可厚非,卻也並非迫切(上文指出,筆者認為政府的連番回應已可接受),不應該為此而影響到市民大眾的生活。6月21日,把3000名警員圍困於警察總局15小時的行動,更是非常危險的挑釁行為。期間就有數十個999電話不能獲警方即時處理,其中有可能是涉及人命的,以別人的生命當做自己的談判籌碼,這是否合乎道德?筆者十分懷疑。

示威者再採取這些行動,難免變本加厲,最後甚至會斷送原先反修例運動所帶來的成果,就像止痛藥愈吃愈多,藥力失效,最後腎功能受到破壞一樣。

另一點筆者想提出的,就是我們是否對警察太嚴苛了。在6月12日示威衝突的影片中,我們固然看到警員有過分使用武力的情況,但也不要誇大問題的嚴重性。首先,不應以個別警員的行為當作為全體警員的行為,就好像有個別遊行參加者鹵莽違法,不應因此認為所有遊行人士都一樣。

一視同仁的胸襟

其次,當時前線警員只是執行上級命令,如果要追究責任的話,還是應該向指揮官追究,方為合理。對於其後發生的種種「惡行」(如在6月21日警察總局被圍當日,當局是否誇大需要救護車服務的人數,等等),也應如是觀之。

把警察叫作黑警是非常侮辱性的語言暴力。警員除了要處理遊行示威外,還有許多任務,例如防止毒品槍械流入本港;打擊黑社會活動,以免惡勢力影響市民大眾的日常生活;偵查商業罪案、尋找失蹤人口、處理交通糾紛等等。

基於不滿警察在某一方面的表現,就全盤否定警察的貢獻,實在沒有道理。即使在示威的問題上,他們只不過是市民與政府之間的磨心,絕非敵人。我們是否只看見別人眼中有刺,卻沒有意識到自己眼中有樑木呢?

特區政府因《逃犯條例》失誤,證明原本的管治模式已經徹底失敗,這為香港的民主化帶來莫大機遇;接着下來,就要看香港人能否好好把握這個機遇,而這需要的不是偏見與謾罵,而是如實地理解我們見到的一切。多些朋友,少些敵人,這是永遠不會錯的策略。

趙耀華 香港大學經濟及工商管理學院副教授

(本文同時於二零一九年六月二十六日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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