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HKEJ Column

Home Research Thought Leadership HKEJ Column
The IP Strategy behind Pop Mart’s Overnight Popularity

The IP Strategy behind Pop Mart’s Overnight Popularity

16 Apr 2025
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泡泡瑪特一夜爆紅的IP策略

若問現時什麼最潮,既不是奢侈品牌香奈兒(Chanel),也不是巡演全球的泰勒絲(Taylor Swift),而是一個長着尖尖的小耳朵,惡魔般的大眼睛,咧着9顆獠牙的玩偶Labubu。這個古怪精靈火速風靡全球,連南韓女團Blackpink成員Lisa、Jennie、Rosé都是忠心粉絲。從香港到曼谷,從雅加達到巴黎,各地年輕人為了擁有這個玩偶,紛紛在泡泡瑪特(Pop Mart)的零售店門前排起了長隊。

創作人何方神聖

Labubu出自生於香港、成長於荷蘭的藝術家龍家昇(Kasing Lung)之手。因受北歐神話的啟發,他在2015年打造了「The Monsters」系列的精靈角色,包括人氣超強的Labubu、首領Zimomo和骷髏頭Tycoco。
2019年,龍家昇和中國潮流文化娛樂公司泡泡瑪特簽訂了獨家授權協議,將 The Monsters 系列打造成獨家IP,設計出各種主題系列的造型之餘,亦推出盲盒、毛絨玩具、冰箱貼、耳機殼等各式產品。
2024年,The Monsters系列里的Labubu突然出現在Blackpink的泰國女星Lisa的Instagram上,隨後受到泰國公主的青睐,甚至成為泰國官方旅遊大使。泡泡瑪特在全球30多個國家和地區設店為數超過500,加上公司的成功營銷策略,Labubu的粉絲遍布世界各地。

獨具慧眼的IP「星探」

捧紅Labubu的泡泡瑪特公司並非初出茅廬。2010年成立伊始,創始人王寧受到香港LOG-ON和日本Loft的啟發,將泡泡瑪特定位成時尚潮品的「小百貨」,售賣新奇有趣的文創玩具。雖然一開始受到消費者的歡迎,但隨着電商的興起,市場上類似的潮流產品愈來愈多,價格競爭日益激烈,利潤空間不斷收窄,泡泡瑪特漸漸失去優勢。
可幸的是,2015年年底泡泡瑪特發現了一個來自日本的玩偶Sonny Angel在亞洲銷售飆升。其主打產品「mini figure」以盲盒形式銷售,雖然單價不高,但通過不斷推出新系列、限量版,隱藏版以豐富產品和增加收集難度,讓粉絲們欲罷不能。
透過Sonny Angel這個窗口,泡泡瑪特決定開始發掘打造屬於自己的潮流玩具知識產權(intellectual property;簡稱IP)。從香港設計師Kenny Wong的Molly、韓國設計師Seulgie Lee的Satyr Rory,到北京藝術家Lang的Hirono(小野)和Snowy(小諾),泡泡瑪特不僅如同「星探」一般發掘簽約全球潮流玩具設計家,還成立公司設計團隊,主動打造了Crybaby、Minico、 Zsiga等IP商品。

以客為尊的一條龍經營模式

一如唱片公司裡的眾多合約藝人,不是每一個IP都會火。泡泡瑪特有獨特的業務流程,從IP孵化、設計到供應鏈生產、市場推廣、產品銷售,每一個環節都體現了公司對消費者敏銳深刻的洞察。
泡泡瑪特的消費群體是介乎18至29歲的年輕人,女性佔75%,具有一定消費能力。她們關注潮流,追求顏值,熱衷社交媒體,願意為高品質的生活買單。 為了解這些潮流年輕人的喜好,泡泡瑪特通過其天貓旗艦店、京東旗艦店、抖音直播和官方應用程式,與消費者建立了緊密聯繫。2019年開始,泡泡瑪特與騰訊智慧零售合作,利用精準的數據深入分析消費者偏好和購買行為,緊貼市場趨勢,並將消費者的體驗迅速反饋到IP設計和營銷策略上。
從和藝術家簽約的第一步,泡泡瑪特就會根據每個IP的風格和受眾,加上市場反饋,與藝術家一同優化IP形象。比如Labubu自從2018年發售第一款盲盒至今共推出了三代產品,商品的膚色逐漸變白,毛髮也從栗色變成了乳白色,整體色彩更柔和,形象更溫馨,這些轉變都是為了迎合消費者的喜好。

從爆紅邁向長青

泡泡瑪特關注消費者的體驗感,亦表現為線下線上銷售的完美配合。其線下品牌店不僅銷售,更是「種草」,通過完美展現各個IP的形象,讓更多消費者認識品牌,踏進「圈粉」。消費者登入公司的應用程式後,就會在線上接收到個人化新產品推薦、推廣資訊和活動,有效地將好奇觀望的消費者轉變為掏錢購買的用戶。
用戶作出首次購買後,泡泡瑪特就進一步增強他們的購買黏性。一方面持續高頻率推出新造型新產品(比如2020年每月平均上線盲盒5.8款),刺激用戶購買收藏的欲望。另一方面,通過線上線下的聯合運營,為會員提供社交互動和創新玩法(比如福袋和奇遇)。為了克服線下零售店數量有限的缺點,泡泡瑪特在應用程式中設計了泡泡抽盒機小程式,模擬線下抽盲盒的體驗,以選盒、搖盒等環節提供的優質互動體驗,快速吸引了大量用戶。2022年,該渠道營收達到9.5億人民幣,佔線上渠道差不多一半。
爆紅的Labubu能否帶動其他IP產品流行,泡泡瑪特的高速增長能否持續,答案不在簡單幾個流量明星的成功帶貨,也不在單純饑餓營銷的運作,而在於能否能持續洞察服務甚至引領年輕潮流一代。該公司首席消費者運營官周樹穎先生一語中的:「泡泡瑪特是一個很典型的人群品牌。」他認為企業服務的是一波有相同興趣愛好的人群,如何能夠高效觸達並且重複觸達這群人,才是持續增長的關鍵。【註】

註:https://finance.sina.com.cn/enterprise/2024-09-05/doc-incnrssq1236202.shtml#:~:text=“泡泡玛特是,更好的人群运营%E3%80%82”

 

范亭亭博士
港大經管學院市場學首席講師

(本文同時於二零二五年四月十六日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

 

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