HKUBS_logo_25_web
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAcct
          • MAA
          • MAIB
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MSAF
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Research Assistant Professors / Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • PhD Job Market Candidates
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Impact Factors
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
  • 繁
  • 简
Type To Search
HKUBS_logo_25_web
Type To Search
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
        • About us about us
        • A Premier Business School in Asia with Global Influence
        • Overview
          • Message from the Dean
          • Vision & Mission
          • Milestones
          • Partnerships & Global Network
          • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
          • Rankings & Accreditations
          • Corporate Collaboration
        • Leadership
          • Faculty Management
          • International Advisory Council
        • Our Stories
        • Contact Us
        • Staff Portal
        • Campuses
  • Programmes
        • Programmes programmes
        • Diversified Learning Experience Empowers our Students
        • Undergraduate
        • Masters
          • MAcct
          • MAA
          • MAIB
          • MEcon
          • MFWM
          • MFin
          • MFFinTech
          • MGM
          • MSc(BA)
          • MScMktg
          • MSAF
          • MWM
        • MBAs & EMBAs
          • MBA
          • IMBA
          • HKU EMBA
        • PhD
        • Executive Education
        • DBA
  • People
        • People people
        • International Faculty Body that Offers Quality Education
        • Faculty
        • Research Assistant Professors / Post-Doctoral Fellows
        • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
        • Research Postgraduate Students
        • Administration
  • Research
        • Research research
        • Lead the Frontier of Knowledge Creation
        • Thought Leadership
          • Latest Research Publications
          • HKEJ Column
          • FT Chinese Column
          • In the Media
        • Academic Areas
        • Faculty Members
        • Research Grants
        • PhD Job Market Candidates
        • Seminars & Conferences
          • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
        • Impact Factors
        • Research Centres & Institutes
        • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
        • HKU Knowledge Exchange
        • HKU Scholars Hub
        • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
        • Media media
        • Inspire the Society and Community with Rigorous Insights
        • School News
        • In the Media
        • Press Release
  • Career
        • Career career
        • Fostering Strategic Partnerships and Talent Development
        • Recruit our Talents
        • Student Career Development
        • Career Opportunities
          • Faculty Recruitments
          • HKU Career Site
HKUBS_logo_25_web
  • Global Presence
  • About Us
    • Overview
      • Message from the Dean
      • Vision & Mission
      • Milestones
      • Partnerships & Global Network
      • Beta Gamma Sigma HKU Chapter
      • Rankings & Accreditations
      • Corporate Collaboration
    • Leadership
      • Faculty Management
      • International Advisory Council
    • Our Stories
    • Contact Us
    • Staff Portal
    • Campuses
  • Programmes
    • Undergraduate
    • Masters
      • MAcct
      • MAA
      • MAIB
      • MEcon
      • MFWM
      • MFin
      • MFFinTech
      • MGM
      • MSc(BA)
      • MScMktg
      • MSAF
      • MWM
    • MBAs & EMBAs
      • MBA
      • IMBA
      • HKU EMBA
    • DBA
    • PhD
    • Executive Education
  • People
    • Faculty
    • Research Assistant Professors / Post-Doctoral Fellows
    • Demonstrators/ Teaching Assistants
    • Research Postgraduate Students
    • Administration
  • Research
    • Thought Leadership
      • Latest Research Publications
      • HKEJ Column
      • FT Chinese Column
      • In the Media
    • Academic Areas
    • Faculty Members
    • Research Grants
    • PhD Job Market Candidates
    • Seminars & Conferences
      • Edward K Y Chen Distinguished Lecture Series
    • Impact Factors
    • Research Centres & Institutes
    • Hong Kong Macroeconomics Forecast
    • HKU Knowledge Exchange
    • HKU Scholars Hub
    • Shenzhen Research Institutes
  • Events
  • Media
    • School News
    • In the Media
    • Press Release
  • Career
    • Recruit our Talents
    • Student Career Development
    • Career Opportunities
      • Faculty Recruitments
      • HKU Career Site

FT Chinese Column

Home Research Thought Leadership FT Chinese Column
China’s Macroeconomic Shift: A Call for Firms to Go Global

China’s Macroeconomic Shift: A Call for Firms to Go Global

6 Feb 2026
Share on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on WhatsappShare on LinkedInShare on Email
中企出海:中國宏觀經濟轉型的必經之路

當前中國經濟正處於深度轉型期。 儘管擁有14億人口的內需潛力,但房地產調整引發的財富效應收縮、居民高儲蓄率(2024年超過43%)與消費信心不足制約內需釋放。 同時,部分高端製造領域供強需弱,國內市場「內卷」加劇。 儘管政府已意識到此問題並正採取「反內卷」措施,成效仍有待觀察。 在此背景下,企業尋求外部增長空間已由戰略選擇轉變為生存必需。

放眼全球,舊有的全球化秩序正在瓦解。 美國面臨日益嚴峻的債務困境,其國債已逼近40萬億美元,利息負擔持續加重。 與此同時,美國正試圖通過重塑全球秩序來強化其戰略主導地位,例如施壓委內瑞拉、謀求控制格陵蘭,並藉助“對等關稅”等保護主義手段重構全球供應鏈。 然而,其結果並非「去全球化」 而是催生了全球貿易碎片化、區域化的新格局。 一方面,「全球南方」國家積极參與RCEP、CPTPP、金磚機制; 另一方面,東盟和中東等地區成為新的增長與承接中心。 世界正加速邁向多極化,美國未必仍是新一輪全球化的核心。

正因如此,「不出海就出局」這句話雖未必反映全體企業的實際決策,卻精準捕捉了當前一部分先行者的焦慮與判斷。 這一判斷源於雙重壓力:一是內部競爭白熱化,利潤空間持續收窄; 二是外部關稅壁壘高築,尤其特朗普政府2025年推出的10%基準關稅及對華更高稅率,直接衝擊傳統出口模式。 許多企業被迫將生產基地轉移,以維持對美供貨,或主動開拓非美市場,構建“中國+1”甚至“美國+1”的多元佈局。

中國新興產業影響力顯著提升。 根據中國海關總署數據,電動汽車、光伏和鋰電池等「新三樣」2025年出口規模接近1.3萬億元,較2020年增長3.5倍。 同吋,中國企業出海正加速向“全球南方”新興市場轉移,出海重點日益轉向東盟和拉丁美洲。 2024年,中國對東盟直接投資343.6億美元,同比增長36.8%,對拉丁美洲直接投資增長15.4%。 在這一趨勢下,不同區域展現出差異化的發展機遇:東盟憑藉完善的產業基礎承接電子和半導體產業鏈,墨西哥受益於近岸外包成為進入美國市場的重要節點,而中東地區則因主權財富基金活躍,在資本與能源合作中崛起為新的戰略熱點。

然而,出海絕非坦途。 許多企業家漸漸發現國內高效的政企協作與工作力管理難以直接複製海外,這源於文化差異、勞工法規、環保標準及與當地政府溝通的複雜性。 有專案原先預期三年便能回本,但在實際操作上,選址、審批、招工環節已耗去兩年。 正確的戰略與周全的準備是成功出海的基石,若考量不足,企業或面臨固定資產與商譽減值。 例如,一家國內知名電商企業曾將國內重資產與自建物流模式照搬至東南亞市場,但忽略了當地地理分散、基礎設施差異和盈利週期較長的現實,導致成本結構與市場階段嚴重錯配。 最終因長期虧損退出當地市場。

未來五到十年,中國企業出海會呈現出一種新趨勢:不再局限於商品出口,而是更注重與全球南方國家共建本地生態。 這一轉變源於國內經濟結構升級轉型的需要,同時避免激發政治反彈和貿易摩擦。 中企通過在當地設廠、培訓員工、培育供應鏈,將部分價值鏈留在東道國,既緩解「供強需弱」困局,又實現技術、品牌等高階價值迴流自身。

總的來說,中國正從工業製造大國轉向全球生產鏈的構建者。 通過品牌出海、供應鏈協同與企業管理文化共融,中國與新興市場正共同分擔風險、共用增長紅利,為動蕩中的世界經濟提供新的穩定錨。

鄧希煒教授
香港大學協理副校長(環球事務)、港大經管學院副院長(對外事務)、馮國經馮國綸基金經濟學教授

(本文同時於二零二六年二月六日載於《FT中文網》明德商論專欄)

When AI Hallucinates: The Hidden Risks in the Global Large-Model Race22 Jan 2026
Trending
When AI Hallucinates: The Hidden Risks in the Global Large-Model Race
When AI Hallucinates: The Hidden Risks in the Global Large-Model Race
Prof. Zhenhui Jack JIANG
Large language models are increasingly permeating core domains such as knowledge production, business analysis, legal consulting, and medical decision-making. A problem that was once often regarded as a mere technical flaw is rapidly becoming a new focal point in the global technology race: the “hallucination” of large language models—namely, the tendency of a model, when lacking any factual basis, to still produce highly “confident,” fluent, yet false answers.
22 Jan 2026
The Validation Tax: Shifting Focus from Production to Verification in the AI Era
The Validation Tax: Shifting Focus from Production to Verification in the AI Era
Prof. Jin LIProf. Matthias FAHN
When used appropriately, generative AI can significantly enhance human productivity. It can help teams explore strategies, draft marketing plans, and greatly expand the breadth and speed of individual output.
8 Jan 2026
TANG_Hei_Wai_web1
About Author
Prof. Heiwai TANG

Associate Vice-President (Global), The University of Hong Kong

Sign up for upcoming news and events
LinkedIn WeChat Instagram Facebook Weibo Twitter YouTube

©2025, HKU Business School. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility Statement