{"id":225758,"date":"2024-12-11T12:03:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T04:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkubs.hku.hk\/research\/thought-leadership\/ai-and-its-environmental-consequences-can-we-turn-the-tide-on-carbon-emissions\/"},"modified":"2024-12-11T12:05:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T04:05:48","slug":"ai-and-its-environmental-consequences-can-we-turn-the-tide-on-carbon-emissions","status":"publish","type":"thought-leadership","link":"https:\/\/www.hkubs.hku.hk\/tc\/research\/thought-leadership\/hkej-column\/ai-and-its-environmental-consequences-can-we-turn-the-tide-on-carbon-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"AI\u885d\u64ca\u74b0\u5883 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Corporation<\/span>\uff09\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u5168\u7403<span>AI<\/span>\u5e02\u5834\u898f\u6a21\u5c07\u5f9e<span>2022<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span>1324<\/span>\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u589e\u9577\u5230<span>2027<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span>5124<\/span>\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u70ba<span>AI<\/span>\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u4fbf\u5229\u6b61\u547c\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5404\u754c\u662f\u5426\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u79d1\u6280\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u6084\u7136\u5c0d\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c<span>AI<\/span>\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u96b1\u5f62\u6bba\u624b\uff1a<span>AI<\/span>\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u78b3\u8db3\u8de1<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3<span>AI<\/span>\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63ed\u958b<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u9762\u7d17\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6578\u64da\u652f\u6301\u548c\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u6839\u64da\u99ac\u85a9\u8af8\u585e\u5927\u5b78\u963f\u9ed8\u65af\u7279\u5206\u6821\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8a13\u7df4\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7522\u751f\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u9ad8\u9054<span>62.6<\/span>\u842c\u78c5\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc<span>5<\/span>\u8f1b\u6c7d\u8eca\u5f9e\u751f\u7522\u5230\u5831\u5ee2\u7684\u5168\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u7e3d\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<span>GPT-3<\/span>\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u7522\u751f<span>552<\/span>\u5678\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u898f\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\u7684<span>GPT-4<\/span>\uff0c\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u4f30\u8a08\u8d85\u904e<span>1000<\/span>\u5678\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u6500\u5347\u3002\u5728\u300c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5373\u738b\u9053\u300d\u7684\u884c\u696d\u5171\u8b58\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u722d\u76f8\u767c\u5c55\u66f4\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u5448\u6307\u6578\u7d1a\u589e\u9577\u3002\u5230<span>2030<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4f30\u8a08<span>AI<\/span>\u884c\u696d\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u5c07\u4f54\u5168\u7403\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u7684<span>3.5%<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a<span>AI<\/span>\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8017\u80fd\u5de8\u7378<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u524d<span>AI<\/span>\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u4ee4\u4eba\u548b\u820c\u3002\u53f2\u4e39\u798f<span>AI<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6578\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c<span>GPT-3<\/span>\u55ae\u6b21\u8a13\u7df4\u8017\u96fb<span>1287<\/span>\u5146\u74e6\u6642\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc<span>3000<\/span>\u8f1b\u7279\u65af\u62c9\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u5404\u884c\u99db<span>20<\/span>\u842c\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u7e3d\u8017\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u7522\u751f<span>552<\/span>\u5678\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u65e5\u5e38\u61c9\u7528\u770b\uff0c<span>ChatGPT<\/span>\u56de\u61c9\u7528\u6236<span>1<\/span>\u6b21\uff0c\u8017\u96fb\u91cf\u9054<span>2.96<\/span>\u74e6\u6642\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\uff08<span>0.3<\/span>\u74e6\u6642\uff09\u7684<span>10<\/span>\u500d\uff1b\u7531<span>AI<\/span>\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\u66f4\u9700<span>8.9<\/span>\u74e6\u6642\u3002\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u540c\u6a23\u9a5a\u4eba\uff1a<span>GPT-3<\/span>\u8a13\u7df4\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u8017\u6c34\u8fd1<span>700<\/span>\u5678\uff0c\u6bcf<span>20<\/span>\u81f3<span>50<\/span>\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u9700<span>500<\/span>\u6beb\u5347\u6c34\u3002<span>2022<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c<span>Meta<\/span>\u516c\u53f8\u50c5\u5728\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u51b7\u537b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u8017\u6c34<span>260<\/span>\u591a\u842c\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u80fd\u8017\u6fc0\u589e\u7684\u6839\u6e90<\/h3>\n<p>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u65bc\u5169\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u96a8\u7740<span>AI<\/span>\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u8986\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6676\u7247\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u6025\u5347\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u9ad8\u4e86\u96fb\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5716\u5f62\u8655\u7406\u55ae\u5143\uff08<span>GPU<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5c08\u7528\u96c6\u6210\u96fb\u8def\uff08<span>ASIC<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u904b\u884c\u6642\u8017\u96fb\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u61c9\u4ed8\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u96a8\u7740<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u898f\u6a21\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5448\u6307\u6578\u7d1a\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5c0d\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6676\u7247\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ea6\u6709\u589e\u7121\u5df2\uff0c\u4ee4\u6574\u9ad4\u96fb\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u91cf\u98c6\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0c<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u8a13\u7df4\u904e\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u8f49\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7522\u751f\u9ad8\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u51b7\u537b\u8655\u7406\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f5c\u70ba<span>AI<\/span>\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u8017\u554f\u984c\u5c24\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u3002\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u8a2d\u5099\u5728\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u904b\u884c\u6642\u6703\u91cb\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ca\u6642\u6563\u71b1\uff0c\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u58fd\u547d\u90fd\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u53d7\u640d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90fd\u914d\u5099\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a2d\u5099\u5728\u9069\u7576\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u96fb\u8cbb\u4f54\u7e3d\u6210\u672c\u7684<span>60%<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d85\u904e<span>40%<\/span>\u7528\u65bc\u51b7\u537b\u6563\u71b1\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u98a8\u51b7\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d85\u904e<span>60%<\/span>\u7684\u96fb\u529b\u7528\u4f86\u6563\u71b1\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u65bc\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u96fb\u529b\u9084\u4e0d\u5230<span>40%<\/span>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8017\u96fb\u91cf\u5df2\u9054<span>10<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8fd1<span>10<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u98a8\u51b7\u7cfb\u7d71\u96d6\u7136\u6210\u672c\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u80fd\u4ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u73fe\u4ee3\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6563\u71b1\u6240\u9700\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6db2\u51b7\u7cfb\u7d71\u96d6\u7136\u521d\u671f\u6295\u8cc7\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6563\u71b1\u6548\u7387\u4ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9078\u5740\u548c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e5f\u5c0d\u80fd\u8017\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5efa\u5728\u96fb\u529b\u6210\u672c\u8f03\u4f4e\u800c\u6c23\u5019\u708e\u71b1\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd\u51b7\u537b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u61c9\u512a\u5148\u9078\u64c7\u6c23\u5019\u6dbc\u723d\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u61c9\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4e26\u63a1\u7528\u6a21\u7d44\u5316\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u9748\u6d3b\u8abf\u6574\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u9084\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6578\u64da\u50b3\u8f38\u548c\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u96a8\u7740\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u6301\u7e8c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u56e0\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5132\u5b58\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u983b\u5bec\u624d\u8db3\u4ee5\u61c9\u4ed8\uff0c\u800c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u61c9\u7a4d\u6975\u63a1\u7528\u6578\u64da\u58d3\u7e2e\u548c\u512a\u5316\u50b3\u8f38\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4f01\u696d\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8b70<\/h3>\n<p>\u9762\u5c0d<span>AI<\/span>\u6280\u8853\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6e1b\u78b3\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u61c9\u7a4d\u6975\u63a1\u7528\u7da0\u8272\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u7bc0\u80fd\u6280\u8853\u3002\u901a\u904e\u6295\u8cc7\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u3001\u98a8\u80fd\u7b49\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u61c9\u512a\u5316<span>AI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u91cf\uff0c\u5f9e\u6e90\u982d\u4e0a\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u61c9\u52a0\u5f37\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6280\u8853\u5347\u7d1a\u3002\u63a1\u7528\u6db2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