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and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e<\/h5>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&#8221;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&#8221;\uff09<a href=\"#\u8a3b\">\u3010\u8a3b\u3011<\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301<\/h5>\n<p>\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u55ae\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b70\u54e1\u53cd\u5c0d\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u958b\u652f\u3002\u5728\u9996\u5e9c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u8036\u502b\u660e\u5929\u8a2a\u83ef\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u6703\u9054\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u5171\u8b58\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"\u8a3b\" name=\"\u8a3b\"><\/a>\u8a3b\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/\">https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9678\u708e\u8f1d\u535a\u58eb<br 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\u7f8e\u570b\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9738\u4e3b\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u5927\u570b\uff0c\u5176\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u958b\u570b\u5f8c\u591a\u5e74\u5747\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u9996\u4efb\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\uff0e\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u9577\u671f\u6dea\u70ba\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u95dc\u7a05\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u65b0\u8208\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u548c\u6230\u722d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8207\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u773e\u591a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u6649\u5347\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u4e86\u3002 \u7279\u6717\u666e\u9ad8\u8209\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8ca8\u5e63\u8cb6\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u60df\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6bcf\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0e\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin Roosevelt\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6d3d\u5546\u6e1b\u5c11\u8cbf\u6613\u58c1\u58d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u653e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u81f3\u4e8c\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002 1947\u5e74\u753123\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08GATT\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u5340\u52a0\u5165\u3002GATT\u5f8c\u4f86\u91cd\u7d44\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WTO\uff09\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb70\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u500b\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u672c\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u81ea2016\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u5728\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u770b\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8f38\u7d66\u7279\u6717\u666e\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u81f4\u52dd\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6416\u64fa\u5dde\u90e1\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&quot;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&quot;\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u55ae\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b70\u54e1\u53cd\u5c0d\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u958b\u652f\u3002\u5728\u9996\u5e9c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u8036\u502b\u660e\u5929\u8a2a\u83ef\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u6703\u9054\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u5171\u8b58\uff1f \u8a3b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/ \u9678\u708e\u8f1d\u535a\u58eb \u6e2f\u5927\u7d93\u7ba1\u5b78\u9662\u69ae\u8b7d\u526f\u6559\u6388 \uff08\u672c\u6587\u540c\u6642\u65bc\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u4e94\u65e5\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u4fe1\u5831\u300b\u300c\u9f8d\u864e\u5c71\u4e0b\u300d\u5c08\u6b04\uff09\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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content=\"\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u984d\u4f54\u5168\u7403GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u81f32008\u5e74\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\u768461%\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u96a8\u5f8c\u5448\u73fe\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u773e\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u77e5\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u7b49\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u4e86\u6578\u4ee5\u5104\u8a08\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u8cbf\u6613\u589e\u9577\u7684\u653e\u7de9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9738\u4e3b\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u5927\u570b\uff0c\u5176\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u958b\u570b\u5f8c\u591a\u5e74\u5747\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u9996\u4efb\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\uff0e\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u9577\u671f\u6dea\u70ba\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u95dc\u7a05\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u65b0\u8208\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u548c\u6230\u722d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8207\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u773e\u591a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u6649\u5347\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u4e86\u3002 \u7279\u6717\u666e\u9ad8\u8209\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8ca8\u5e63\u8cb6\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u60df\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6bcf\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0e\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin Roosevelt\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6d3d\u5546\u6e1b\u5c11\u8cbf\u6613\u58c1\u58d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u653e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u81f3\u4e8c\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002 1947\u5e74\u753123\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08GATT\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u5340\u52a0\u5165\u3002GATT\u5f8c\u4f86\u91cd\u7d44\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WTO\uff09\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb70\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u500b\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u672c\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u81ea2016\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u5728\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u770b\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8f38\u7d66\u7279\u6717\u666e\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u81f4\u52dd\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6416\u64fa\u5dde\u90e1\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5d17\u4f4d\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6280\u8853\u63d0\u5347\u53d6\u66ff\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u537b\u5c07\u77db\u982d\u6307\u5411\u5916\u8cbf\u9006\u5dee\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u9084\u5927\u529b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u4f86\u8d0a\u6210TPP\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4e5f\u6539\u53e3\u8f49\u70ba\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u7968\u6e90\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u9808\u77e5TPP\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5916\u8cbf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4f5c\u70ba\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u9996\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u570b\u52d9\u537f\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86TPP\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3002 2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&quot;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&quot;\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u55ae\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b70\u54e1\u53cd\u5c0d\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u958b\u652f\u3002\u5728\u9996\u5e9c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u8036\u502b\u660e\u5929\u8a2a\u83ef\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u6703\u9054\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u5171\u8b58\uff1f \u8a3b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/ \u9678\u708e\u8f1d\u535a\u58eb \u6e2f\u5927\u7d93\u7ba1\u5b78\u9662\u69ae\u8b7d\u526f\u6559\u6388 \uff08\u672c\u6587\u540c\u6642\u65bc\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u4e94\u65e5\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u4fe1\u5831\u300b\u300c\u9f8d\u864e\u5c71\u4e0b\u300d\u5c08\u6b04\uff09\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hkubs.hku.hk\/tc\/research\/thought-leadership\/hkej-column\/%e3%80%8c%e6%96%b0%e8%8f%af%e7%9b%9b%e9%a0%93%e5%85%b1%e8%ad%98%e3%80%8d%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b1%e8%ad%98\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T11:59:24+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T12:12:49+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u300c\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u5171\u8b58 - HKU Business School\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u984d\u4f54\u5168\u7403GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u81f32008\u5e74\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\u768461%\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u96a8\u5f8c\u5448\u73fe\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u773e\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u77e5\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u7b49\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u4e86\u6578\u4ee5\u5104\u8a08\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u8cbf\u6613\u589e\u9577\u7684\u653e\u7de9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002 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Hamilton\uff09\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u9577\u671f\u6dea\u70ba\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u95dc\u7a05\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u65b0\u8208\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u548c\u6230\u722d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8207\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u773e\u591a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u6649\u5347\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u4e86\u3002 \u7279\u6717\u666e\u9ad8\u8209\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8ca8\u5e63\u8cb6\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u60df\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6bcf\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0e\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin Roosevelt\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6d3d\u5546\u6e1b\u5c11\u8cbf\u6613\u58c1\u58d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u653e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u81f3\u4e8c\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002 1947\u5e74\u753123\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08GATT\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u5340\u52a0\u5165\u3002GATT\u5f8c\u4f86\u91cd\u7d44\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WTO\uff09\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb70\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u500b\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u672c\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u81ea2016\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u5728\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u770b\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8f38\u7d66\u7279\u6717\u666e\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u81f4\u52dd\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6416\u64fa\u5dde\u90e1\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5d17\u4f4d\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6280\u8853\u63d0\u5347\u53d6\u66ff\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u537b\u5c07\u77db\u982d\u6307\u5411\u5916\u8cbf\u9006\u5dee\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u9084\u5927\u529b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u4f86\u8d0a\u6210TPP\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4e5f\u6539\u53e3\u8f49\u70ba\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u7968\u6e90\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u9808\u77e5TPP\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5916\u8cbf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4f5c\u70ba\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u9996\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u570b\u52d9\u537f\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86TPP\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3002 2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&quot;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&quot;\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 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Institution\\uff09\\u5c31\\u570b\\u969b\\u7d93\\u6fdf\\u653f\\u7b56\\u767c\\u8868\\u6f14\\u8b1b\\uff0c\\u5167\\u5bb9\\u96c6\\u4e2d\\u5728\\u62dc\\u767b\\u653f\\u5e9c\\u70ba\\u4f55\\u8981\\u4fdd\\u8b77\\u4e00\\u4e9b\\u91cd\\u8981\\u5de5\\u696d\\uff0c\\u4ee5\\u53ca\\u653e\\u68c4\\u4ee5\\u81ea\\u7531\\u8cbf\\u6613\\u4f5c\\u70ba\\u4e3b\\u8981\\u653f\\u7b56\\uff0c\\u9019\\u4e5f\\u8a31\\u662f\\u62dc\\u767b\\u653f\\u5e9c\\u7684\\u4e00\\u500b\\u4ea4\\u4ee3\\u3002 \\u6982\\u62ec\\u800c\\u8a00\\uff0c\\u6c99\\u5229\\u6587\\u6307\\u51fa\\uff0c\\u4e8c\\u6230\\u5f8c\\u7684\\u4e16\\u754c\\u7d93\\u6fdf\\u79e9\\u5e8f\\u5728\\u6700\\u8fd1\\u6578\\u5341\\u5e74\\u51fa\\u73fe\\u6108\\u4f86\\u6108\\u591a\\u7d15\\u6f0f\\uff08\\\"But the last few decades revealed cracks in those 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\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5d17\u4f4d\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6280\u8853\u63d0\u5347\u53d6\u66ff\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u537b\u5c07\u77db\u982d\u6307\u5411\u5916\u8cbf\u9006\u5dee\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u9084\u5927\u529b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u4f86\u8d0a\u6210TPP\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4e5f\u6539\u53e3\u8f49\u70ba\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u7968\u6e90\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u9808\u77e5TPP\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5916\u8cbf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4f5c\u70ba\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u9996\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u570b\u52d9\u537f\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86TPP\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3002 2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08\"But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations\"\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u55ae\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b70\u54e1\u53cd\u5c0d\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u958b\u652f\u3002\u5728\u9996\u5e9c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 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\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5d17\u4f4d\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6280\u8853\u63d0\u5347\u53d6\u66ff\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u537b\u5c07\u77db\u982d\u6307\u5411\u5916\u8cbf\u9006\u5dee\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u9084\u5927\u529b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u4f86\u8d0a\u6210TPP\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4e5f\u6539\u53e3\u8f49\u70ba\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u7968\u6e90\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u9808\u77e5TPP\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5916\u8cbf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u4f5c\u70ba\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u9996\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u570b\u52d9\u537f\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86TPP\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3002 2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08\"But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations\"\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u55ae\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8b70\u54e1\u53cd\u5c0d\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u958b\u652f\u3002\u5728\u9996\u5e9c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&quot;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&quot;\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 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\u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u8036\u502b\u660e\u5929\u8a2a\u83ef\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u6703\u9054\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u5171\u8b58\uff1f \u8a3b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/ \u9678\u708e\u8f1d\u535a\u58eb \u6e2f\u5927\u7d93\u7ba1\u5b78\u9662\u69ae\u8b7d\u526f\u6559\u6388 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\u7f8e\u570b\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9738\u4e3b\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u5927\u570b\uff0c\u5176\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u958b\u570b\u5f8c\u591a\u5e74\u5747\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u9996\u4efb\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\uff0e\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u9577\u671f\u6dea\u70ba\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u95dc\u7a05\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u65b0\u8208\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u548c\u6230\u722d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8207\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u773e\u591a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u6649\u5347\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u4e86\u3002 \u7279\u6717\u666e\u9ad8\u8209\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8ca8\u5e63\u8cb6\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u60df\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6bcf\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5bcc\u862d\u514b\u6797\uff0e\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin Roosevelt\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6d3d\u5546\u6e1b\u5c11\u8cbf\u6613\u58c1\u58d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u653e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u81f3\u4e8c\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002 1947\u5e74\u753123\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u95dc\u7a05\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u7e3d\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08GATT\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u5340\u52a0\u5165\u3002GATT\u5f8c\u4f86\u91cd\u7d44\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WTO\uff09\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb70\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u500b\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u672c\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u81ea2016\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u5e0c\u62c9\u8389\u5728\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u770b\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8f38\u7d66\u7279\u6717\u666e\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u81f4\u52dd\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6416\u64fa\u5dde\u90e1\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 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2016\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8981\u8207\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u770b\u9f4a\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8b8a\u61c9\u842c\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u8cbf\u6613\u6230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165TPP\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6642\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53ca\u6539\u540d\u5f8c\u7684\u300a\u5168\u9762\u8207\u9032\u6b65\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u300b\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u7121\u751a\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53bb\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u5148\u5f8c\u63a8\u51fa\u300a\u6676\u7247\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08CHIPS and Science Act\uff09\u548c\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Inflation Reduction Act\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6676\u7247\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8ca1\u653f\u88dc\u8cbc\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\u5f9e\u7522\u54c1\u542b\u6709\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6253\u58d3\u53ca\u6536\u8cb7\u5916\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u81c2\u7ba1\u8f44\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u9818\u5c0e\u53ca\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u95dc\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u55ae\u5c0d\u55ae\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5c0d\u58d8\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5247\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u559c\u6b61\u806f\u7fa4\u7d50\u9ee8\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c07\u7121\u5fa9\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u548cGATT\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u601d\u7dad\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3001\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9867\u554f\u6c99\u5229\u6587\uff08Jake Sullivan\uff09\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5728\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5eab\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u5c31\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653e\u68c4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002 \u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7d15\u6f0f\uff08&quot;But the last few decades revealed cracks in those foundations&quot;\uff09\u3010\u8a3b\u3011\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u9593\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff08New Washington Consensus\uff09\u3002 \u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u76df\u53cb\u96e3\u652f\u6301 \u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u51fa\u81ea\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08PIIE\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f62\u5bb9\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u653e\u9b06\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7d93\u6fdf\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u62c9\u4e0a\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002 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\u81f3\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u55ae\u770b\u300a\u901a\u8139\u524a\u6e1b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u96fb\u52d5\u8eca\u96fb\u6c60\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u76df\u53cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u96e3\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u65b0\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u8036\u502b\u660e\u5929\u8a2a\u83ef\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u6703\u9054\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u5171\u8b58\uff1f \u8a3b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2023\/04\/27\/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-renewing-american-economic-leadership-at-the-brookings-institution\/ \u9678\u708e\u8f1d\u535a\u58eb \u6e2f\u5927\u7d93\u7ba1\u5b78\u9662\u69ae\u8b7d\u526f\u6559\u6388 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