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\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u88cf\u5c07\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u64f4\u81f3\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u53ca\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u628a\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u53ca\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\uff08Latin America and Caribbean\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u57df\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u6309\u6709\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u5730\u5340\u57282021\u5e74\u4f54\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u76848.3%\u53caGDP\u76847.7%\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7565\u4f4e\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u7522\u548c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u8fd1\u6216\u8ffd\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\uff09\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u70ba\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u5f8c\u8005\u300c\u8da8\u540c\u300d\uff08convergence\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4ee5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\u6052\u7b49\u7684\u532f\u7387\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u62c9\u7f8e\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6309Maddison Project Database 2020\u3010\u8a3b\u3011<\/a> 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\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u53ca\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u5305\u62ec33\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53c3\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u500b\u5225\u5e7e\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3002\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u6536\u5165\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f9e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7d04\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u768450%\u81f360%\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u76844\u500d\u52305\u500d\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6709\u4e9b\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u9010\u6b65\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u90fd\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u768430%\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6389\u9032\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u9677\u9631\u7684\u6700\u660e\u986f\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u5225\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u667a\u5229\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u768440%\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u4e0b\u8dcc\u81f3\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u768420%\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u56de\u5347\u81f3\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u768440%\u3002\u667a\u5229\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7279\u5225\u7684\u63d2\u66f2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u9ee8\u57281970\u5e74\u9078\u8209\u7372\u52dd\uff0c\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u963f\u9023\u5fb7\uff08Allende\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u667a\u5229\u7b2c28\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\uff0c\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u9996\u4f4d\u901a\u904e\u6c11\u9078\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\u5be6\u65bd\u4f01\u696d\u570b\u6709\u5316\u53ca\u50f9\u683c\u7ba1\u5236\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5f8c\u9662\u641e\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5bb9\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u901a\u904e\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u5831\u5c40\u7684\u5e55\u5f8c\u7b56\u5283\u548c\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u667a\u5229\u8ecd\u4eba\u76ae\u8afe\u5951\u7279\uff08Pinochet\uff09\u57281973\u5e74\u767c\u52d5\u653f\u8b8a\u63a8\u7ffb\u963f\u9023\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u9577\u905417\u5e74\u7684\u8ecd\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n \u76ae\u8afe\u5951\u7279\u4e0a\u53f0\u5f8c\u91cd\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e3b\u7406\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u88ab\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7537\u5b69\u300d\uff08Chicago boys\uff09\u3002\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u61c9\u6e1b\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u667a\u5229\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u6578\u5e74\u5167\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86180\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n \u7531\u963f\u9023\u5fb7\u4e0a\u53f0\u76841970\u5e74\u5230\u76ae\u8afe\u5951\u7279\u4e0b\u53f0\u76841990\u5e74\uff0c\u667a\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8da8\u52e2\u90fd\u662f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5728\u8ecd\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5e02\u5834\u662f\u958b\u653e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b0a\u8cb4\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08crony capitalism\uff09\u4e5f\u6108\u8da8\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u570b\u6709\u4f01\u696d\u5728\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u843d\u5230\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5\u5e02\u5834\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5f8c\u671f\uff0c\u667a\u5229\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u624d\u62fe\u7d1a\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u8868\u73fe\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n \u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e9e\u592a\u5340\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u76f8\u6bd4\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u8ffd\u4e0a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4ee5\u4e9e\u6d32\u56db\u5c0f\u9f8d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u56db\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u57281950\u5e74\u53ea\u9054\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u768412%\uff0c\u4f46\u52302012\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0a\u5347\u81f378%\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u7d93\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5e74\u4efd\u9084\u8d85\u904e\u7f8e\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n 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Consensus\uff09\u3002\u62c9\u7f8e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5b8f\u89c0\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u6298\u9a30\u3001\u7279\u5225\u662f\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\u5371\u6a5f\u5f8c\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Peterson Institution for International Economics\uff09\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08John Williamson\uff09\u5217\u51fa\u5341\u9805\u6709\u95dc\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u5bb9\u8a31\u5916\u8cc7\u9032\u5165\u3001\u570b\u4f01\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u7522\u6b0a\u3001\u5229\u7387\u548c\u532f\u7387\u5e02\u5834\u5316\uff0c\u53ca\u56b4\u8b39\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca1\u653f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n 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