\u8fd1\u65e5\u7b46\u8005\u8207\u89aa\u53cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u96e2\u4e0d\u958b\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6703\u6062\u5fa9\u5230\u75ab\u524d\u90a3\u6a23\u55ce\uff1f\u4e8c\u662f\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u96e2\u958b\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6703\u56de\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u6ce2\u6ce2\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u60b2\u89c0\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u9810\u671f\u660e\u5929\u6703\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5230\u5f9e\u524d\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u614b\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u7368\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u8b02\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u7c92\u7070\uff0c\u843d\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u982d\u4e0a\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u53d7\u91cd\u5927\u6ce2\u6298\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u514d\u5fc3\u751f\u60f6\u6050\u3002\u672c\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u80fd\u5426\u8fc5\u901f\u6062\u5fa9\u5230\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7a69\u5065\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u66f4\u4e0a\u5c64\u6a13\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5805\u97cc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u662f\u5426\u5805\u97cc\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5fcd\u8010\u529b\u548c\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u5340\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65bd\u653f\u5c0d\u6b64\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u97cc\u6027\uff08resilience\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u632b\u6298\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u5fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u6c11\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u525b\u5f37\uff08robustness\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5916\u529b\u885d\u64ca\u4e0b\u4ecd\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7576\u524d\u570b\u5bb6\u7af6\u9010\u5bcc\u5f37\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f37\u52c1\u589e\u9577\u81ea\u7136\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u54ea\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u54ac\u5b9a\u9752\u5c71\u4e0d\u653e\u9b06\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u7d93\u53d7\u591a\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8dcc\u5b95\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5805\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u672c\u5730\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u9ad8\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u4fbf\u70ba\u4e16\u4e4b\u6977\u6a21\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5929\u707d\u4eba\u798d\u9661\u7136\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u518d\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u4e5f\u7d66\u6253\u500b\u4e03\u96f6\u516b\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5371\u6a5f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u986f\u9732\u7121\u907a\uff1a\u95dc\u9375\u6c11\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\u64e0\u514c\u3001\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u696d\u5012\u9589\u3001\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u8005\u751f\u6d3b\u8271\u8f9b\u3001\u8001\u5f31\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7167\u9867\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u97cc\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u73fe\u672a\u5e7e\u5c31\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u56de\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u8d77\u625b\u4f4f\u4e00\u6642\u5916\u529b\u885d\u64ca\u7684\u525b\u5f37\u66f4\u52a0\u96e3\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u97cc\u6027\u793e\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u898b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u591a\u52a0\u5021\u5c0e\u591a\u52a0\u5efa\u8a2d\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5efa\u8a2d\u97cc\u6027\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u672c\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u8209\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u4e4d\u8d77\uff0c\u7981\u8db3\u4ee4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u56e4\u7a4d\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u3002\u8d85\u5e02\u5546\u8216\u8981\u61c9\u4ed8\u7a81\u7136\u500d\u589e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5132\u84c4\u5bcc\u9918\u7684\u5eab\u5b58\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u904e\u5ea6\u56e4\u8ca8\u3002\u8907\u96dc\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u885d\u64ca\u4e0b\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u65b7\u88c2\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4f01\u696d\u539f\u672c\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7cbe\u6e96\u8abf\u914d\u7684\u53ca\u6642\u7ba1\u7406\uff08just in time\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8b93\u4f4d\u4e88\u6771\u62c6\u897f\u501f\u7684\u61c9\u6025\u7ba1\u7406\uff08just in case\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8981\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9762\u5c0d\u767e\u5e74\u4e00\u9047\u7684\u516c\u5171\u885e\u751f\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u4e00\u89f8\u5373\u767c\uff0c\u8981\u7167\u9867\u597d\u5404\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u6709\u8cf4\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u653f\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u6b77\u7d93\u5e7e\u6ce2\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u6d17\u79ae\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u5b89\u5c45\u6a02\u696d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5176\u6839\u57fa\u539a\u5be6\u3001\u7279\u5340\u653f\u5e9c\u5132\u5099\u5145\u8db3\u4e0d\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u75ab\u60c5\u5f8c\u671f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f37\u52c1\u5fa9\u7526\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u300c\u76f4\u5347\u6a5f\u6492\u9322\u300d\uff08helicopter money\uff09\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u97cc\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d6a\u8cbb\u537b\u4e5f\u7121\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u8a2d\u97cc\u6027\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u68d8\u624b\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u9762\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u9748\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5e72\u9810\uff1f\u7576\u793e\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u5347\uff0c\u524d\u666f\u83ab\u6e2c\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u96e3\u4ee5\u5b9a\u50f9\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6563\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5c0d\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5287\u589e\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u5171\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u7d66\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u50f9\u683c\u7ba1\u5236\u548c\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d\u7684\u898f\u9650\u800c\u5f48\u6027\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u5931\u8abf\u4fbf\u9762\u81e8\u64e0\u514c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u81ea\u5371\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a0d\u6709\u98a8\u5439\u8349\u52d5\uff0c\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4fbf\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u5927\u773e\u7684\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u754c\u5916\u6548\u61c9\uff08negative externality\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u9748\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a4d\u6975\u5e72\u9810\u3002<\/p>\n
\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u523b\u5e72\u9810\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u7dad\u8b77\u793e\u6703\u97cc\u6027\u8cac\u7121\u65c1\u8cb8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u4e09\u5927\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u786c\u9760\u5f37\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u900f\u904e\u6e38\u8aaa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5f15\u5c0e\u516c\u773e\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e09\u4ee4\u4e94\u7533\u8981\u6c11\u773e\u5c11\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u56e4\u8ca8\uff0c\u52e4\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6703\u8a00\u8005\u8ac4\u8ac4\uff0c\u807d\u8005\u85d0\u85d0\uff0c\u653f\u4ee4\u96e3\u4ee5\u594f\u6548\u3002\u7d9c\u89c0\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u4e43\u81f3\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u63a7\u5236\u8f03\u597d\u3001\u6c11\u6028\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u90fd\u8f03\u5f37\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u7279\u5340\u653f\u5e9c\u6b77\u4f86\u5f37\u8abf\u57f7\u884c\u529b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u7576\u91cd\u9ede\u589e\u5f37\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
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