{"id":258164,"date":"2026-04-15T15:01:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T07:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkubs.hku.hk\/research\/thought-leadership\/when-tariffs-go-to-court-a-billion-dollar-lesson-in-constitutional-law\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T15:03:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T07:03:36","slug":"when-tariffs-go-to-court-a-billion-dollar-lesson-in-constitutional-law","status":"publish","type":"thought-leadership","link":"https:\/\/www.hkubs.hku.hk\/sc\/research\/thought-leadership\/hkej-column\/when-tariffs-go-to-court-a-billion-dollar-lesson-in-constitutional-law\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f53\u5173\u7a0e\u58c1\u5792\u95f9\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5802\u5343\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bfe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u5e742<span>\u6708<\/span>20<span>\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u516d\u6bd4\u4e09\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5728<\/span>Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump<span>\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/span>\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u603b\u7edf\u65e0\u6743\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u7d27\u6025\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u6cd5\u300b\uff08International Emergency Economic Powers Act<span>\uff1b\u7b80\u79f0<\/span>IEEPA<span>\uff09\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5f81\u6536\u5173\u7a0e\u3002<\/span>\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u5728\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4ec5\u51edIEEPA<span>\u4e2d\u76f8\u9694<\/span>16\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684regulate<span>\uff08\u89c4\u7ba1\uff09\u548c<\/span>importation<span>\uff08\u8fdb\u53e3\uff09\u4e8c\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0e\u7387\u3001\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u5f81\u6536\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u201d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u88c1\u51b3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5212\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u65b9\u9762\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4ee5\u81f3\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u73af\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8bfe\u7a0e\u6743\u5c5e\u56fd\u4f1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u7686\u56e0\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u201c\u5f81\u6536\u7a0e\u6b3e\u3001\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7a0e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d4b\u4e88\u56fd\u4f1a\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u539f\u5219\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u6743\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u56fd\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u6388\u6743\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5f53\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u6743\u8fc7\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u6613\u53d7\u77ed\u671f\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u6025\u53d8\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u62db\u8058\u3001\u5b9a\u4ef7\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u7a0e\u7387\u7ecf\u5e38\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u751a\u4e8e\u5173\u7a0e\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u9000\u7a0e\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/h2>\n<p>\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u9000\u7a0e\u96be\u9898\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u4e0e\u8fb9\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c40\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5728IEEPA<span>\u5173\u7a0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>33<span>\u4e07\u5bb6\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u7f34\u7eb3\u4e86\u5171\u8fbe<\/span>1660<span>\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u62a5\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ea6<\/span>5300<span>\u4e07\u7b14\u3002\u9000\u7a0e\u4e4b\u8def\u8346\u68d8\u4e1b\u751f\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f7b\u6613\u5c06<\/span>IEEPA<span>\u5173\u7a0e\u5355\u72ec\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u82e5\u4ee5\u4eba\u624b\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u6240\u9700\u5de5\u65f6\u4e3a\u6570<\/span>440<span>\u4e07\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u5173\u4e4e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f34\u4ea4\u4e861000<span>\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684<\/span>IEEPA<span>\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u65f6\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u6bcf\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>1<span>\u5e74\u9000\u8fd8\uff0c\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe\u7ea6<\/span>50<span>\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u8fd1<\/span>2000<span>\u5bb6\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u9000\u7a0e\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u4eceB\u8ba1\u5212\u56de\u5230A\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n<p>\u767d\u5bab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5750\u4ee5\u5f85\u6bd9\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u516c\u5e03\u540c\u65e5\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5728\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u7b7e\u7f723\u4efd\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7ec8\u6b62IEEPA<span>\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u300a<\/span>1974<span>\u5e74\u8d38\u6613\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>122<span>\u6761\u5f81\u6536\u5168\u7403\u6027\u4e34\u65f6\u8fdb\u53e3\u9644\u52a0\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6682\u505c\u5c0f\u989d\u8fdb\u53e3\u514d\u7a0e\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5c06\u7a0e\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3\u7b2c<\/span>122<span>\u6761\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e0a\u9650<\/span>15%<span>\u3002\u6b64\u6761\u6b3e\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u9501\u7684\u67aa\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>150<span>\u5929\u7684\u671f\u9650\u5185\uff0c\u5f81\u6536\u6700\u9ad8<\/span>15%<span>\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9644\u52a0\u7a0e\uff1b\u5176\u540e\u82e5\u8981\u5ef6\u7eed\u5219\u987b\u56fd\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u672c\u5e74<\/span>7<span>\u6708<\/span>24<span>\u65e5\u5c31\u662f\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u957f\u7ebf\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u4ee3\u8868\u683c\u91cc\u5c14\u4e8e3<span>\u6708\u5148\u540e\u5bf9<\/span>16<span>\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u201c\u4ea7\u80fd\u8fc7\u5269\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u7684\u7b2c<\/span>301<span>\u6761\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u7ea6<\/span>60<span>\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u5f3a\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7b2c<\/span>301<span>\u6761\u8c03\u67e5\uff1b\u4e24\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u5408\u8ba1\u5df2\u8986\u76d6\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>80%<span>\u81f3<\/span>90%<span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/span>\u97e9\u793c\u58eb\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u7ba1Deborah Elms<span>\u4e00\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56de\u5230\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f<\/span>C<span>\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56de\u5230<\/span>A<span>\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u8c01\u5728\u4e3a\u5173\u7a0e\u4e70\u5355<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5173\u7a0e\u7531\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u62c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5cfb\u3002 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Trump\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u603b\u7edf\u65e0\u6743\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u7d27\u6025\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u6cd5\u300b\uff08International Emergency Economic Powers Act\uff1b\u7b80\u79f0IEEPA\uff09\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5f81\u6536\u5173\u7a0e\u3002\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u5728\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4ec5\u51edIEEPA\u4e2d\u76f8\u969416\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684regulate\uff08\u89c4\u7ba1\uff09\u548cimportation\uff08\u8fdb\u53e3\uff09\u4e8c\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0e\u7387\u3001\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u5f81\u6536\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u201d\u3002 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content=\"\u672c\u5e742\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u516d\u6bd4\u4e09\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5728Learning Resources, Inc. v. 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