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Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
Win or Woe: Digital Leadership in the Age of AI

Win or Woe: Digital Leadership in the Age of AI

7 Jan 2026
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成敗之機:人工智能時代的數字化領導力

以生成式人工智能、機器學習為代表的人工智能技術,正以前所未有的速度與潛力重塑產業。報告顯示,人工智能有望將生產力提升33%,並重新定義全球競爭格局與經濟增長【註1】。企業對人工智能技術的投入持續加碼,預計到2025年,全球三分之一的企業計劃在人工智能領域投資超過2500萬美元【註2】。

這場以人工智能為核心的數字化轉型,旨在通過對組織運作方式進行「根本性重寫」,驅動業務運營、組織實踐乃至商業模式的深刻變革,從而實現持續的價值創造【註3】。

低回報與缺數字化高管的困境

然而,巨額的投入並未帶來普遍的預期回報。德勤中國與香港大學的聯合調查顯示,大部分企業的人工智能應用仍停留在試驗或早期採用階段,收益往往局限於團隊層面的效率提升。僅有少數企業能將人工智能項目擴展至足以產生可量化盈利的影響,僅4%的企業認為其應用具有變革性【註4】。

儘管企業正試圖將人工智能融入產品、工作流程和戰略中,以推進數字化轉型,但由於缺乏清晰的實施路徑而步履維艱,這凸顯出設立專門高層領導角色的必要性。有關人才需負責制定與傳達整體數字化戰略、向內外持分者倡導變革,並引領必要的組織調整,以加速人工智能導向的數字化轉型進程。在具體實踐中,企業會以行政總裁、資訊科技總監或數字化總監等不同職位負責這一任務,這些被賦予數字化轉型開發與落地職責的掌舵人,被統一稱為「數字化高管」(digital executives)【註5】。

數字化高管的核心使命

在人工智能時代,數字化轉型真正的挑戰不在於流程與系統更新,而是觸及企業品牌基因、靠什麼創造價值、與誰協作的根本問題。傑出的數字化高管必須有效應對戰略、運營與人員三大支柱。戰略層面回應「如何確立方向」,運營層面回應「如何落地實現」,人員層面回應「如何調動並維持組織成員協作」。

在戰略層面,人工智能帶來的不是簡單自動化,而是對組織價值與組織邊界的重新規劃。優秀的數字化高管首先須澄清轉型究竟要解決什麼問題,圍繞客戶體驗、增長、效率等核心目標,明確人工智能等數字技術提升組織價值的路徑。同時,數字化轉型必然跨越部門壁壘,尤其是技術與業務之間。數字化高管必須通過制定清晰戰略,在以人工智能為代表的數字技術的商業價值上凝聚共識,從而聚焦議程、統一語言、動員資源。

在運營層面,實現有意義的人工智能效益的最大障礙是數據質量、數據一致性和數據背景【註6】。數字化高管應能打破數據孤島,重構跨部門流程,避免碎片化建設。重點不僅是上線某個系統,更是重塑組織的決策、協作、資源調配與能力建設機制,使之圍繞核心價值鏈重組,以數據反饋驅動優化、快速學習與反覆運算,進而轉化為持久競爭優勢。

在人員層面,數字化轉型會重塑權責、崗位與績效邏輯,難免引發員工被人工智能取代的焦慮及部門之間的摩擦。成功的轉型紮根於組織成員的協同行動。數字化高管需清晰闡明為何而變、變向何處、如何衡量成果,並通過透明的規則與試點機制降低不確定性。關鍵在於讓一線員工參與共創,將人工智能定位為合作夥伴而非簡單的替代工具,積極構建鼓勵協作、包容試錯的文化,從而將變革阻力轉化為前進動力。

數字化高管必備的特徵

結合行業經驗與主流研究,可見能成功引領轉型的數字化高管都有以下共通點。

一、商業敏銳度。數字化高管需具備敏銳的市場洞察與戰略規劃能力,能將人工智能、大數據等技術趨勢轉化為具體商機,制定與企業整體戰略相契合的數字化藍圖。核心在於能將技術投入切實轉化為降本、增效、拓新等商業成果,並有力推動跨職能協同,確保戰略穿透至執行層面。

二、技術素養。數字化高管需深入理解人工智能、雲計算、數據中台等關鍵數字工具的應用場景與局限,熟悉數據管理與分析的基本邏輯。這有助於他們與技術團隊高效協作,評估與推動技術方案落地,並致力於在組織內構建可複用的數字化組件、實現跨系統互通性,最終建立起支撐點到點價值交付的體系能力。

三、軟技能。數字化高管需以同理心和謙遜表現建立信任,讓員工聚焦於如何在人工智能時代變得更強,而非是否會被替代。同時需具備出色的溝通能力,能向非技術背景的各方闡明人工智能等數字技術的價值,善於協調對內對外關係,促進跨職能部門間的協作,凝聚共識,共同應對轉型過程中的不確定性與挑戰。

組織配置有賴情境適配

實踐中存在一種誤區,即尋求在技術、戰略、組織與文化各方面全能的數字化高管。不可不察的是,卓越的數字化高管存在多樣化特質,在不同的組織情境中會呈現差異化效果,企業更應做領導力配置而非盲目追求全能。

美國麻省理工學院《斯隆管理評論》的研究支援這一觀點,指出轉型成功更依賴於不同領導力配置在不同情境中的適配,而非單一的理想模式【註5】。筆者的研究團隊對來自不同就業背景的數字化高管加以分析,發現來自資訊科技背景者適合在擁有成本領先戰略導向的公司引領轉型,而來自業務背景者則適合在具有顧客戰略導向的公司引領轉型。

展望未來,首屈一指的數字化高管不應套用固定模式,而是深刻洞察組織所處的內外環境,量體裁衣,將技術轉化為獨特的組織能力與長期競爭優勢。其選任不再只是一份通用清單,而是校準企業的戰略導向、文化基因及轉型階段。其最終評價標準在於,數字化高管能否正確選擇以及順利推進一條最適合其組織的轉型路徑,從而實現技術賦能與組織進化相互增強,變革舉措與業務經營緊密契合,帶領企業在人工智能時代贏得可持續的競爭優勢。

註1:https://www.mckinsey.com/au/our-insights/australia-and-new-zealand-perspectives/transformation-in-the-ai-era

註2:https://www.bcg.com/press/15january2025-ai-optimism-autonomous-agents

註3:https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-digital-transformation

註4:https://www.deloitte.com/cn/en/about/press-room/dtt-hku-formalize-ai-lab-collaboration.html?icid=toggle_cn_en

註5:https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/four-profiles-of-successful-digital-executives/

註6:https://www.cio.com/article/4098017/get-data-and-the-data-culture-ready-for-ai.html

方鈺麟教授
港大經管學院數字經濟與創新研究所所長、創新及資訊管理學教授

劉露
港大經管學院數字經濟與創新研究所研究助理

(本文同時於二零二六年一月七日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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