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In the Media

Home Research Thought Leadership In the Media
The “Fast” and “Slow” Solutions for Hong Kong’s Charging Dilemma

The “Fast” and “Slow” Solutions for Hong Kong’s Charging Dilemma

14 Jan 2026
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從「搵位難」到「等位煩」——香港充電破局的「快」與「慢」

電動汽車充電技術正處於一個迭代爆發期。早期的交流慢充已經進入待淘汰序列,直流快充標準已成為入門級配置。隨着兆瓦級充電系統的研發推進,峰值功率甚至已觸及1兆瓦的邊界。但電力增容、線纜鋪設、硬體採購、持續運營等成本帶來的投資回報周期往往長達5至8年,在土地成本極高的香港甚至需時更久。

快速更新換代的充電技術和設備,與基建重資產投資的長回報周期形成難解的矛盾,導致香港也面對世界各地大多數電動車市場都存在的慢樁快樁交錯混雜的問題。

精準聚焦充電需求

在特區政府推動涉及寬減電動車首次登記税的「一換一」計劃等強力政策下,電動私家車數量經歷了爆炸性增長。根據運輸署交通運輸資料月報,電動私家車在整體私家車數量中的佔比,已從2019年底的1.58%,飆升至2025年的14.96%,數量超過13萬輛。

反觀公共充電樁,截至2025年中,則只有1.5萬個正服務這支龐大的電動車隊。打開充電樁應用程式經常看到滿員提示,成了不少車主對充電樁運營的無奈感受。面對這種「等位煩」的困境,一個直接解決方向似乎就是通過建設更多、更快的充電設施,以縮短車主單次充電的等待時間。

本港私家車平均每日的行駛距離僅為30公里左右(年平均行駛里程11080公里)。對於目前市面上主流的私家車而言,一次有效充電足以應付超過一周的日常通勤需求。每日大概有1.9萬輛電動車出現補能需求,而現有的充電樁整體能力載荷其實遠超這個數字。因此,相比於數量和功率的絕對限制,充電需求和供給的時空分布複雜度的結構性問題,才是破局的切入點。

表  香港公共充電樁全負荷載荷

充電樁類型充電樁數量單次有效蓄電時長單日充電能力載荷
標準(2.8千瓦)2,8018小時8,403 (6.0%)
中速 (<20千瓦)9,4823小時75,856 (54.4%)
快速 (<100千瓦)2,2541小時54,096 (38.8%)
高速 (≧100千瓦)1620分鐘1152(0.8%)
合計14,553139,507 (100%)

資料來源:環境保護署;筆者根據Shell Recharge充電價格表,進行中位數的估算

絕大多數私家車主日常用車的補能焦慮,更多源於對「能否在需要時充到電」的不確定性,即關乎「可及性」而非單純的充電速度是否夠快問題。因此,政策和市場的焦點應從只追求縮短充電時間,轉向提升充電服務的「可及性」和「便利性」。深入理解充電行為,校準場景的地理位置和時間,有助了解充電行為便利性的條件何在。

實施因地制宜策略

對於擁有固定車位的車主來說,最理想、最經濟的補能方式是在夜間利用停車時間進行充電。由政府推出的「EV屋苑充電易資助計劃」,旨在資助現有私人住宅停車場鋪設充電基礎設施,以應對有關需求。一個標準的7千瓦中速交流(AC)充電樁,在8小時的夜間停泊時間內,足以為電動車補充超過50千瓦時的電量,約相當於250至300公里的續航里程,足以滿足絕大多數用戶數日的通勤需求。事實上,用戶面臨的主要是車位空間的產權問題和能否順利安裝充電樁的「接入權」問題【註1】。

商業中心、大型購物商場及寫字樓是另一個重要的充電場景。與加油站「即充即走」的模式不同,用戶在這些地點的「停留時間」相對較長,從一兩個小時的購物餐飲到八九個小時的工作不等。目前,香港許多地產商都已部署快速充電設施,但是快充的充電模式很可能與用戶的行為模式不大配合。一是長時間泊車的需求和快充的高溢價模式導致充電成本更高。用戶在購物或工作時,還需為充電樁的使用時長分心,甚至被迫中斷活動去挪車,與商業場所希望延長顧客停留時間的初衷背道而馳。二是對於運營商而言,充電樁在車輛充滿電後被佔用,導致昂貴的功率模塊閒置,資產利用率下降。

從消費者的角度來看,一個更符合邏輯的策略或許是,在這些具備長時間停留特性的場所,部署成本更低、數量更多的中速充電樁,並採用以電量為基礎的定價。這不僅能同時服務更多車輛,降低單個車位的電力負荷和基建投資,還能更好地融入用戶的消費和工作節奏中,消解補能焦慮。

將現有加油站改造為超級充電站,也是近年來另一發展方向。政府已明確表示致力推動此類轉型:「將傳統加油站改建為高速充電站及改造現有加油站以安裝高速充電設施 (在 2027年年底前提供約300個高速充電樁 ) 」【註2】。這種模式模仿傳統燃油車的補能習慣,追求在短時間內完成大部分的電量補充,其核心是高功率和高周轉率。這一模式對於特定用戶群體是不可或缺的。例如,可以提供穩定、高頻且可預測的「基礎流量」的出租車、網約車和輕型貨車等商用車輛,以及一部分沒有固定車位、完全依賴公共充電網絡的私家車主。對於他們而言,時間就是金錢。政府將投入3億元推出激勵計劃,以資助3000支高速充電樁,估計由本年至2028年底陸續展開服務,足以支援約16萬輛電動車,相信可以有效應對這一問題。

打造動態資訊未來

展望未來,香港需要一個因應不同場景和用戶需求精準配置的、異構化的充電基礎設施網絡:快慢並存,精準接軌。充電網路建設應從粗放式「跑馬圈地」進入精細化的「運營布局」時代,當然不必在每一個街角都豎立昂貴的超充樁,而是需要建立一個異構、分層、且高度智能化的補能生態。

當物理空間的挖掘接近極限時,效率的提升必須依賴資訊的流動。在未來的香港,每一個充電樁都將不僅是一個電力輸出終端,更是一個資料交互節點。通過動態資訊的調控來平衡充電的供求,即智能充電的優勢解方,將是本欄下周探討的核心。

註1:〈香港電動車 家充難公充缺〉,萬智璽,《信報》,2025年12月10日

註2:https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2025/chinese/panels/ea/papers/ea20250120cb1-47-8-c.pdf

萬智璽 教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學教授
港大經管學院創新及資訊管理學學術領域主任

(本文同時於二零二六年一月十四日載於《信報》「龍虎山下」專欄)

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